4. Genetic changes that can convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes include all of the following EXCEPT Point mutations. B) Increase in the copy number of the proto-oncogene. C) Change in the relationship between coding region and regulation elements. D) Deletion of the proto-oncogene. E) All of these can convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
46. The role of a tumor suppressor gene: A) Is to encode a protein that stimulates cell division. B) Is to prevent mistakes in DNA replication. C) Is to allow cell division only under appropriate conditions. D) All of these. E) None of these.
Which of these are likely as a result of the two-hit model? A) Predisposition to cancer is inherited as a dominant trait. B) Tumor formation is inherited as a dominant trait. C) Individuals who have inherited a mutant copy of a tumor suppressor are more likely to develop tumors, but they usually occur at later ages of onset. D) All of these. E) None of these.
What is the normal interaction between the Rb protein and the EZF transcription factor? A) Rb inhibits EZF activity, effectively preventing cell division. B) Rb enhances EZF activity, effectively preventing cell division. C) Rb inhibits EZF activity, increasing the rate of cell division. D) Rb enhances EZF activity, increasing the rate of cell division.
49. p53 will stimulate badly damaged cells to undergo apoptosis rather than proceeding through the cell cycle. A) True. B) False.
Which of the following is a common type of tumor suppressor gene? A) Genes that increase the rate of the cell cycle or stimulate cell division. B) Genes involved in performing DNA synthesis. C) Genes involved in the maintenance of cell cycle checkpoints. D) All of these. E) None of these.