6. A researcher designs a drug to inhibit migration of potentially autoreactive T lymphocytes intosecondary lymphoid tissues. Which molecule on the surface of a naive T lymphocyte should thisdrug target to prevent migration into the lymph node? (1 point)A. CCL19B. CCR7C. CD34D. GlyCAM-1E. ICAM-17. Strep throat is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. A common symptom ofstrep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaksabout 24 days after the onset of the infection, and is due to: (1 point)A. Damage to the pharyngeal epithelium by the bacteriaB. Release of bacterial PAMPs leading to inflammatory cytokine productionC. Trapping and activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the neckD. Recruitment of neutrophils to the lymph nodes of the neckE. Recruitment of circulating macrophages to the lymph nodes of the neck8. 4-year-old with a rotavirus infection is seen by her pediatrician. The patients mother isassured that no other therapeutic intervention is required because the patients immune systemwill destroy infected cells through apoptosis. During apoptosis, which protein is responsible forinitiating apoptosis in the cytosol of the target cell? (1 point)A. perforinB. granzymesC. granulysinD. IFN-E. Fas ligand9. All of the following statements regarding interleukin-2 (IL-2) or its receptor are true except one.Identify the exception. (1 point)A. IL-2 production increases approximately 100-fold if a co-stimulatory signal is delivered.B. The low-affinity IL-2 receptor is a membrane-bound heterodimer composed of and chains.C. T-cell proliferation occurs upon binding of IL-2 to the high-affinity IL-2 receptor.D. The high-affinity IL-2 receptor is assembled after T-cell activation.
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The medullary sinus of a lymph node contains lymphocytes and plasma cells. A) cytotoxic T B) immature T C) NK D) B E) helper T 2. The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the plasma cell. A) B B) T helper C) plasma D) cytotoxic T E) NK 3. In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogens A) cause inflammation. B) produce a fever. C) activate complement. D) opsonize pathogens. E) activate antibodies. 4. In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of passive immunity. A) innate immunity. B) active immunization. C) passive immunity. D) natural immunity. E) alloimmunity. 5. The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to do all of the following except A) activate T cells. B) display antigen fragments. C) process antigens. D) phagocytosis. E) activate B cells.
Adi S.
1. Following T cell stimulation via the TCR and co-stimulatory molecules, what happens to the IL-2 receptor on the T cell surface? a. It forms a complex with the TCR to form the immune synapse b. It changes conformation to prevent further IL-2 binding c. It changes conformation from a low-affinity state to a high-affinity state 2. What would happen if B7 molecules on an APC bound to CTLA-4 on a T cell? a. The T cell would become activated b. Nothing, B7 molecules only bind to CD28 c. The immune response would be terminated 3. Adhesion helps the DC and T cell stick together so that peptide:MHC and co-stimulation can effectively occur. An important family of molecules involved in this process are called integrins. Which of the following is an example of adhesion ligand/receptor binding? a. CD4 (on the T cell) and MHC class II (on the APC) b. CD3 (on the T cell) binding MHC (on the APC) c. LFA-1 (on the T cell) binding ICAM-1 (on the APC) 4. Which molecules expressed by T cells allow T cells to migrate to the lymph node? a. CD40L and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) b. T cell receptor c. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and Leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) d. L-selectin and CCR7 5. Which molecule, in the target cell, is activated by granzymes to induce apoptosis of the target cell? a. Perforin b. Lysosome c. Granzyme d. Caspase e. Proteasome 6. How do helper T cells provide help to other cells of the immune system? a. Chemokines b. Antibodies c. Adhesion molecules d. Cytokines
Sri K.
An immunologist is attempting to develop a new monoclonal antibody to target B-cell lymphoma, a malignancy which highly involves T lymphocytes. He wishes to target the CD3 molecule of T cells. Which of the following would most likely be directly affected? Group of answer choices: 1. Membrane Attack Complex formation 2. Binding of T cells to MHC II antigens 3. Signal Transduction within T cells 4. Binding of T cells to MHC I antigens 5. Activation of NK cells A cellular biologist is studying a population of CD4 T cells. He observes that only the CD4 T cells which successfully bind to MHC II antigens survive, while those that do not undergo apoptosis and die. Based on this observation, which of the following is most likely occurring in these CD4 T cells? Group of answer choices: 1. Clonal Selection 2. Positive Selection 3. Moderate Selection 4. Negative Selection 5. Natural Selection Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium which commonly causes nosocomial, or healthcare-associated, infections. Given that this bacterium is gram-negative, which of the following pattern-recognition receptors is most highly involved in the defense against this bacterium? Group of answer choices: 1. TLR8 (Toll-Like Receptor 8) 2. NOD proteins 3. IL-1 (Interleukin-1) 4. TLR3 (Toll-Like Receptor 3) 5. TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) Which of the following signal transduction pathways is almost exclusively utilized by interferons? Group of answer choices: 1. NF-kB Pathway 2. Jak-STAT Pathway 3. Ras-MAPK Pathway 4. None of these are correct. 5. cAMP-PKA Pathway Which of the following is NOT involved in the classical complement pathway? Group of answer choices: 1. All of these are involved with the classical complement pathway. 2. Production of anaphylatoxins such as C3a 3. Formation of C3 Convertase via C4b-C2a 4. Formation of a membrane attack complex 5. Activation of MASP's, resulting in C2 and C4 cleavage
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