A 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after he was found unconscious in the weight room of his college fitness center. His roommate says the patient had injected himself with insulin in an attempt to build muscle. He appears comatose. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. His serum glucose concentration is 25 mg/dL. The findings in this patient are most likely the result of an increase in which of the following enzyme activities? A) Adenylyl cyclase B) Guanylyl cyclase C) Phospholipase A2 D) Phospholipase C E) Protein kinase A F) Tyrosine kinase
Added by The Real E.
Step 1
Insulin is a hormone that promotes glucose uptake and storage, so injecting insulin would cause a decrease in serum glucose concentration, not an increase. Therefore, we can eliminate options A, B, C, D, and F. Show more…
Show all steps
Your feedback will help us improve your experience
Luke Humphrey and 91 other Biology educators are ready to help you.
Ask a new question
Labs
Want to see this concept in action?
Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.
Key Concepts
Recommended Videos
A man comes into the hospital with a history of exercise intolerance. The patient was given a bicycle exercise test, which consists of riding a bicycle with the workload increased until the workload can no longer be maintained (in other words, the patient can no longer physically ride the bike). The results indicated that the patient's work capacity was reduced to 20-30% of that of controls and plasma lactate and pyruvate levels were much higher in the patient. The physicians measured oxygen consumption using intact mitochondria isolated from a biopsy of the patient's muscle tissue. They checked each citric acid cycle enzyme and found that the rate of oxygen consumption was about 25% of the control value using succinate as a substrate, but was normal with fumarate and malate. A) What appears to be the primary defect in the patient and why did this defect lead to a decrease in both oxygen consumption and mitochondrial ATP generation? B) Who would have a greater increase in glycolytic flux during the bicycle exercise, the patient or the control? Explain your reasoning.
Sri K.
A 19-year-old male is being evaluated for muscle weakness. Evaluation of a muscle biopsy revealed normal rates of succinate oxidation but very low rates of pyruvate oxidation. Further testing determined normal levels of enzymatic activity in both malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Based on this data, the patient may have a mutation in a gene encoding for which mitochondrial protein? Complex I (NADH Q-oxidoreductase) Complex II (Succinate Q-reductase) Complex III (Q-cyt c oxidoreductase) Complex IV (Cytochrome oxidase) Complex V (ATP synthase)
Tonya, a 20-year-old woman, was brought to the hospital ER in a comatose state. Her roommate states she had been nauseated earlier in the day. Upon examination, it was noted that the patient was breathing deeply and rapidly. Her breath had a fruity odor, and mucous membranes were dry. Family members contacted stated that the woman's older brother had Type I diabetes. Laboratory results: Na+ 128 mmol/L K+ 5.7 mmol/L Cl- 88 mmol/L HCO3- 9 mmol/L BUN 50 mg/dL Serum Osmolality 310 mOsm/kg pH 7.12 pCO2 28 mm Hg Serum glucose 780 mg/dL Urine glucose 4+ Serum acetone 3+ Hgb 17.6 g/dL HCT 53% WBC 12,000 RBC 6.0 million Differential normal Questions: a. Identify abnormal lab values (15) b. On the basis of the patient's history and laboratory results, what would likely be Tonya's problem? c. Which of the lab findings is most valuable in establishing the fact she could have diabetic ketoacidosis? d. What are the three major ketone bodies? e. The nitroprusside chemical reaction may be used to indicate a positive serum acetone reacts with which chemical compound? f. Would insulin levels be increased, decreased, or normal in this patient? Why? g. Why does the patient exhibit glycosuria? h. After discharge with an insulin regimen, what laboratory procedure would be of most value in determining the glucose control over a period of time?
Madhur L.
Recommended Textbooks
Biology for AP Courses
Objective Biology for NEET
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Transcript
18,000,000+
Students on Numerade
Trusted by students at 8,000+ universities
Watch the video solution with this free unlock.
EMAIL
PASSWORD