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3. A dog pants as it lies in the hot summer sun, releasing excess body heat to the environment and lowering its body temperature to its stable state. 4. A bull on the edge of a herd of cattle panics when it hears a loud noise and begins to run. Five nearby cattle sense the panic and also begin to run. This causes another 15 cattle to panic. Eventually, all 100 cattle in the herd panic and stampede. 5. You invest $1,000 in a savings account and reinvest the 5% interest you earn. The interest makes the amount of money in the account larger, so it earns even more interest. After 20 years, the account contains more than $2,600 and is still growing. 6. When blood sugar levels rise after eating a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin, stimulating cells to take up sugar from the blood. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases another hormone to stop sugar uptake by cells. 

          3. A dog pants as it lies in the hot summer sun, releasing excess body heat to the environment and lowering its body
temperature to its stable state.
4. A bull on the edge of a herd of cattle panics when it hears a loud noise and begins to run. Five nearby cattle sense the
panic and also begin to run. This causes another 15 cattle to panic. Eventually, all 100 cattle in the herd panic and
stampede.
5. You invest $1,000 in a savings account and reinvest the 5% interest you earn. The interest makes the amount of money
in the account larger, so it earns even more interest. After 20 years, the account contains more than $2,600 and is still
growing.
6. When blood sugar levels rise after eating a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin, stimulating cells to take up
sugar from the blood. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases another hormone to stop sugar uptake by
cells.
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3. A dog pants as it lies in the hot summer sun, releasing excess body heat to the environment and lowering its body temperature to its stable state. 4. A bull on the edge of a herd of cattle panics when it hears a loud noise and begins to run. Five nearby cattle sense the panic and also begin to run. This causes another 15 cattle to panic. Eventually, all 100 cattle in the herd panic and stampede. 5. You invest 1,000 in a savings account and reinvest the 5% interest you earn. The interest makes the amount of money in the account larger, so it earns even more interest. After 20 years, the account contains more than2,600 and is still growing. 6. When blood sugar levels rise after eating a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin, stimulating cells to take up sugar from the blood. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases another hormone to stop sugar uptake by cells.

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Biology for AP Courses
Biology for AP Courses
Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht
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A dog pants as it lies in the hot summer sun, releasing excess body heat to the environment and lowering its body temperature to its stable state. A bull on the edge of a herd of cattle panics when it hears a loud noise and begins to run. Five nearby cattle sense the panic and also begin to run. This causes another 15 cattle to panic. Eventually, all 100 cattle in the herd panic and stampede. You invest $1,000 in a savings account and reinvest the 5% interest you earn. The interest makes the amount of money in the account larger, so it earns even more interest. After 20 years, the account contains more than $2,600 and is still growing. When blood sugar levels rise after eating a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin, stimulating cells to take up sugar from the blood. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases another hormone to stop sugar uptake by cells. 3. A dog pants as it lies in the hot summer sun, releasing excess body heat to the environment'and lowering its body temperature to its stable state 4. A bull on the edge of a herd of cattle panics when it hears a loud noise and begins to run. Five nearby cattle sense the panic and also begin to run. This causes another 15 cattle to panic. Eventually, all 100 cattle in the herd panic and stampede 5. You invest $1,000 in a savings account and reinvest the 5% interest you earn. The interest makes the amount of money in the account larger, so it earns even more interest. After 20 years, the account contains more than $2,600 and is still growing. 6. When blood sugar levels rise after eating a meal, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin,stimulating cells to take up sugar from the blood. When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases another hormone to stop sugar uptake by cells
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Transcript

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00:01 In the question, we are given the case and the case 1 is, in the case 1, we have the stimulus, we have the stimulus and the stimulus in this control loop is increased level of glucose.
00:17 Stimulus in this case is increased level of glucose or we can say blood sugar, blood sugar in blood.
00:28 This is the stimulus because the blood sugar in this case rose to, blood sugar in this case rose to 120 mg per 100 ml after eating the candy bar and the control center in this case and the control center in this case is pancreatic beta cells.
00:53 Pancreatic beta cells are the control center in this case as they look after the stimulus that is increased in the blood sugar levels and these pancreatic beta cells detect glucose levels, detect glucose levels and trigger the release of, trigger the release of insulin and trigger the release of insulin.
01:27 For the next part, the effector, the effector in this case are the liver and body cells.
01:36 The effector in this case is liver and body cells because they respond to the insulin, they respond to insulin by removing, by removing extra glucose from the blood, extra glucose from blood.
02:03 In this feedback mechanism, insulin is acting as efferent pathway, insulin is acting as efferent pathway because it is carrying the signals to the cells, it is carrying the signals to the cells to take the action and this case is an example of, this case is an example of negative feedback, this case is an example of negative feedback because in this case the response, the response counteracts, the response counteracts initial stimulus, response counteracts initial stimulus that is high blood glucose, that is high blood glucose and brings the system and brings the system back to normal point, brings the system back to normal point that is 90 mg per 100 ml of blood.
03:17 So this is the answer to the case.
03:21 Now we have the case 2, we have case 2.
03:26 In the case 2, here the stimulus is, in the case 2, the stimulus is stretching of uterine ball due to size of fetus, due to size of fetus and contractions...
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