A nerve impulse occurs due to ions moving through __________Blank in the plasma membrane. multiple choice 1 ligand-gated ion channels voltage-gated ion channels In a resting neuron, the interior of the cell membrane is more __________Blank than the outside of the cell membrane. multiple choice 2 positive negative The sodium-potassium pump moves __________Blank. multiple choice 3 sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell potassium out of the cell and sodium into the cell Following stimulation, the first channels to open are __________Blank. multiple choice 4 calcium channels sodium channels potassium channels Entry of sodium causes __________Blank of the cell membrane at the location of the sodium channel. multiple choice 5 depolarization hyperpolarization When potassium channels open, potassium flows __________Blank. multiple choice 6 out of the cell into the cell
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12. Exocrine glands, smooth muscles in bronchioles and vasculature, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the a. enteric nervous system. b. central nervous system. c. autonomic nervous system. d. somatic motor division. 13. Neurotransmitters are released from the a. axon terminals. b. synapse. c. collaterals. d. axon hillock. 14. The resting membrane potential results from a. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only. b. differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ only. c. activity of the sodium/potassium pump only. d. uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane permeability to Na+ and K+. 15. What type of ion channels in the membrane of neurons open or close in response to changes in membrane potential (Vm)? a. ligand-gated channels b. voltage-gated channels c. mechanical stretch channels d. leak channels 16. What type of cells helps form the blood brain barrier? a. microglia b. oligodendrocytes c. astrocytes d. Schwann cells 17. When voltage-gated K+ channels of a resting neuron open, a. K+ enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes. b. K+ leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes c. K+ enters the neuron. d. K+ leaves the neuron. e. the neuron depolarizes.
Adi S.
Sample Multiple Choice Question 6: Once an action potential is triggered, the first major chemical change is reversal of the membrane polarity, with the interior of the cell becoming positive. Reversal of the membrane polarity occurs with the interior of the cell becoming negative. There is an increase in the negative charge inside the neuron due to the sodium-potassium pump sending more potassium out of the cell and more sodium into the cell. After an action potential is triggered, the resting potential is restored by the opening of sodium activation gates, the opening of voltage-sensitive potassium channels, and the closing of sodium activation gates. The resting potential is also restored by an increase in the membrane permeability to potassium and chloride ions. Additionally, the delay in the action of the sodium-potassium pump and the refractory period, during which the membrane is hyperpolarized, contribute to the restoration of the resting potential.
At resting potential, the equilibrium voltage is maintained in part by chloride ions and other anions inside the cell and by the action of the _____ - ______ pump. Because of the action of the pump, there is a higher concentration of _________ions inside the cell and a higher concentration of ___________ions outside the cell. A small depolarization of the cell results in rapid opening of voltage-gated _______ channels while the voltage-gated __________channels stay closed. ________ flows into the axon, causing further depolarization. The inactivation loop closes the voltage-gated __________ channels, and the voltage-gated _______ channels finally open. Now, ________ions flow out of the cell. At the end of the axon, calcium ions flow into the nerve cell to trigger fusion of vesicles containing neurotransmitters to enter the synapse.
Madhur L.
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