A toxin YY that inhibits voltage-gated (voltage-dependent) potassiun channels in axons will: block the release of neurotransmitter molecules. slow the repolarization phase of the action potential.prevent generator (graded) potentials.prevent the depolarization phase of the action potential. trigger the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential.
Added by Eric L.
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These channels are responsible for allowing potassium ions to flow out of the neuron during the repolarization phase, which helps return the membrane potential back to its resting state after depolarization. Show more…
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5. A toxin that blocks the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels a. Would make your muscles contract all the time b. Would inhibit the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane of neurons and therefore block the release of neurotransmitters c. Would prevent muscle contractions d. Both A and B e. Both B and C 6. You are testing several different compounds (A-D) to determine if they affect neuron signalling. You expose a neuron to each compound and then measure the membrane potential under conditions that should fire an action potential. The results are depicted below. Which compound/s do you think inhibit voltage-gated K+ channels? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. Both A and D
Sri K.
Toxins can interrupt the transmission of action potentials along an axon. Examples from the animal kingdom are the toxin of the puffer fish (Tetrodotoxin or TTX), the toxins of some sea anemones, or also the toxins of marine cone snails (Conotoxins). Describe the molecular processes during an action potential uninfluenced by any toxins, at the molecular level of opening and closing of ion channels. Tetrodotoxin inhibits the opening of Na-channels and with that the generation of action potentials. One of the conotoxins, as well as the toxins of sea anemones, also influence these Na channels. However, these toxins do not inhibit the opening of the channels but instead the closing of the Na-channels. In the diagram below, you see the changes of the membrane potential during normal action potential, under the influence of tetrodotoxin, and under the influence of conotoxin. Assign each curve the correct toxin and identify the normal action potential. Explain in detail why you chose each assignment. (Translation of terms see above) Explain the effects that the toxins will have on the muscle fibers that are controlled by the affected axons/neurons. What effect will the toxins have on the whole organism that is affected by the toxins.
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