A 5 year old boy is brought into your clinic with a recurrent upper respiratory infection. He was given amoxicillin for his last infection. a) What should you do before choosing which antibiotic to prescribe for him (what things should you consider before prescribing medication to any patient)? b) You initially choose the broad spectrum drug amoxicillin again. However, after the lab report comes back, the antibiotic sensitivity report indicates that his infection is resistant to amoxicillin. What are 2 potential mechanisms that have allowed this bacterium to become resistant to amoxicillin (ie. how can bacteria now be resistant to the amoxicillin antibiotics, not what humans have done to cause it)?
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Before choosing which antibiotic to prescribe for the 5-year-old boy, you should consider the following factors: Show more…
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A 5-year-old boy is brought into your clinic with recurrent upper respiratory infections. He was given amoxicillin for his last infection. a) What should you do before choosing which antibiotic to prescribe for him? b) What things should you consider before prescribing medication to any patient? You initially chose the broad-spectrum drug amoxicillin again. However, after the lab report comes back, the antibiotic sensitivity report indicates that his infection is resistant to amoxicillin. What are potential mechanisms that have allowed this bacterium to become resistant to amoxicillin? How can bacteria now be resistant to the amoxicillin antibiotic? It's not what humans have done to cause it.
Adi S.
Mrs. Roman is admitted to the hospital with an empirical diagnosis of pneumonia. The emergency room physician prescribed Cefazolin (Kefzol), "the first-generation Cephalosporins," piggyback every 6 hours. In the patient's admission history, the patient states he has a penicillin allergy. If they ask you "is it necessary to call the attending physician for a change in antibiotic because of the penicillin allergy?" a. Yes, there is cross-sensitivity between penicillin and Cephalosporins, and the prescription should be changed to Aminoglycoside (Erythromycin). b. No, cefazolin (Kefzol) is a Beta-lactam drug and should be given as prescribed. c. No, there is no cross-sensitivity between penicillin and Cephalosporins. d. Yes, Erythromycin is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and can be substituted.
Keemin L.
5. Sometimes people are "allergic" to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin, but this isn't always an IgE-mediated mechanism. Explain each of the following reactions to beta-lactams by describing and explaining the hypersensitivity mechanism involved. A. A rheumatic fever patient who started high-dose penicillin prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis before dental implant surgery shows signs of hemolytic anemia (red blood cell lysis). B. Within 30 minutes of taking a second dose of ampicillin, a child breaks out in a rash and has trouble breathing. Also explain whether an antihistamine will or won't help here. C. At the end of a 10-day course of amoxicillin, a patient develops a fever and skin rash, including desquamation (loss of skin tissue), as seen at right.
Madhur L.
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