according to a review by helantera et al published in trends in ecology and evolution 24 341 349

Step 1: Hamilton's Rule defines the conditions under which altruism is favored between animals i

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According to a review by Helanterä et al., published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 341-349 (2009), gigantic "supercolonies" (multiple colonies acting as single colonies) of ants constitute the most extensive cooperative units in nature, sometimes forming networks of interconnected nests over hundreds of kilometers. One invasive species in California, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), exhibits levels of genetic diversity consistent with the hypothesis that only a small number of these ants was introduced, so that they went through a genetic bottleneck. Write out Hamilton's Rule, defining the conditions under which altruism is favored between animals in groups. Define all terms. If the bottleneck hypothesis is correct, what are the likely levels of r across populations of L. humile in California? How might this explain the lack of aggression between worker ants from adjacent colonies?

          According to a review by Helanterä et al., published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24: 341-349 (2009), gigantic "supercolonies" (multiple colonies acting as single colonies) of ants constitute the most extensive cooperative units in nature, sometimes forming networks of interconnected nests over hundreds of kilometers. One invasive species in California, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), exhibits levels of genetic diversity consistent with the hypothesis that only a small number of these ants was introduced, so that they went through a genetic bottleneck. Write out Hamilton's Rule, defining the conditions under which altruism is favored between animals in groups. Define all terms. If the bottleneck hypothesis is correct, what are the likely levels of r across populations of L. humile in California? How might this explain the lack of aggression between worker ants from adjacent colonies?

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