Biochemical reactions must always be consistent with laws of...

Biochemical reactions must always be consistent with laws of thermodynamics. Which of the below reactions would produce products with lower entropy than the starting material? salt crystals dissolving in an aqueous solution the conversion of RNA to nucleotides the conversion of monosaccharides to starch the conversion of a polypeptide to amino acids You walk out of your cool, air conditioned, house on a warm summer's day. What is different between the air inside and outside of your house in this scenario? The molecules in the warm air outside of your house are moving faster than those inside The molecules in the warm air outside have more potential energy than those inside. The molecules in the cold air inside of your house have more kinetic energy than those outside. The molecules in the cold air inside of your house are moving faster than those outside. The molecules in the warm air outside of your house have less entropy than those inside. Which of the following does NOT describe ATP hydrolysis? spontaneous exergonic often coupled to a reaction that has a positive ΔG having a positive ΔG

Transcript

00:01 So these are three questions that requires to really give a thoughtful answer.

00:09 And the first one is talking about entropy.

00:22 So we talk about entropy.

00:27 And entropy, as was defined, very many years ago, is a kind of a measure of randomness or disorder.

00:36 So when you talk of entropy, we talk of randomness or disorder of a system, okay? so which means that between reactants and products, which ones appear to be disordered? so there are those reactions they give products which have slightly higher entropy than the reactants and the vice versa also in some instances.

01:04 So in our answers there we can start assessing each answer because we are asked to determine which of the listed give products with lower entropy than the study materials.

01:20 So given that a plus b, give you c plus d.

01:27 So combined which one will have a slightly higher entropy than the other, so among the listed.

01:35 So if you look at the group as such ways, when you convert monosokary to starch, that's going to give us products with slightly low entropy than the starting material because so we are converting monocirates, okay, back to starch, okay? so in this reaction, we're going to have that individual monocorids which appear disordered, monosocerates are slightly disordered.

02:15 Is ordered and we at all that entropy measures a disorderness of our system and starch is slightly ordered okay if you look at the structure which means that the starch which is ordered entropy will increase the entropy during product formation okay so if we we move from the circuit to starch we're moving to a more ordered system which means we're increasing the entropy in that in that case okay, so that should be the correct answer.

02:49 So that should be the conversion of monosaccharate to starch as a correct answer.

02:54 Okay.

02:56 Let's move to a question.

03:01 Rather, let me try to assess the other answers so that we see why they are not fit for this question.

03:09 If you look at sodium crystal, sodium chloride crystal, it's highly ordered.

03:14 If you look at sodium chloride, it's highly ordered.

03:19 Structure, okay.

03:22 But when we form chloride ions and sodium ions, we tend to have these octahedral and cubic structures, which means that we're moving to a more disordered system, okay, a less disordered system rather, because when sodium chloride dissolves in water, it forms strong ionic bonds, which are required.

03:51 Requires heat to broken down okay and this means that ions can interact with with water molecules okay to release the so even the solution of sodium in water okay will we'll have a much less order than the pure water okay so the entropy will increase instead of decreasing if you look at rna as next another another if you look at rna structure it's a highly ordered structure and when we break this rna down to nucleotide specific nucleotides, we move to a less ordered structure...

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