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Biological species concept Typological (morphological/Linnean) species concept Phylogenetic species concept Ecological species concept Evolutionary species concept Speciation Vicariance Cryptic species Gene flow Formation of new species. Uses a phylogenetic tree to identify monophyletic groups. The smallest monophyletic groups are species. There are different versions of this concept; the most salient versions recognize reciprocal monophyly rather than only diagnosability. Delimitation criteria are usually based on morphological similarities and differences between type specimens. (If it looks different, it's a different species.) This concept doesn't tell you how to find species. Instead, it only defines what species are: independent evolutionary lineages that have a unique origin and fate. Species that are all morphologically similar, but genetically distinct. Thus, they belong to separate species. For example, there are numerous species of butterflies, frogs, nematodes, dragonflies, plants, etc., that are morphologically indistinguishable but genetically show evidence of thousands to millions of years of lineage independence. Usually a physical barrier that results in the separation of a group of related individuals. Occurs when alleles are transferred or introduced to new populations (i.e., through migration). States that species separate based on their ability to produce viable offspring with other species. The delimitation criteria are based on reproductive isolation. Species defined by their ecological function. If they are ecologically exchangeable, they are the same species. If they fill the same niche and have the same adaptations, they are the same species.

Biological species concept
Typological (morphological/Linnean) species concept
Phylogenetic species concept
Ecological species concept
Evolutionary species concept
Speciation
Vicariance
Cryptic species
Gene flow
Formation of new species.
Uses a phylogenetic tree to identify monophyletic groups. The smallest monophyletic groups are species. There are different versions of this concept; the most salient versions recognize reciprocal monophyly rather than only diagnosability.
Delimitation criteria are usually based on morphological similarities and differences between type specimens. (If it looks different, it's a different species.)
This concept doesn't tell you how to find species. Instead, it only defines what species are: independent evolutionary lineages that have a unique origin and fate.
Species that are all morphologically similar, but genetically distinct. Thus, they belong to separate species. For example, there are numerous species of butterflies, frogs, nematodes, dragonflies, plants, etc., that are morphologically indistinguishable but genetically show evidence of thousands to millions of years of lineage independence.
Usually a physical barrier that results in the separation of a group of related individuals.
Occurs when alleles are transferred or introduced to new populations (i.e., through migration).
States that species separate based on their ability to produce viable offspring with other species. The delimitation criteria are based on reproductive isolation.
Species defined by their ecological function. If they are ecologically exchangeable, they are the same species. If they fill the same niche and have the same adaptations, they are the same species.

Added by Kimberly S.

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