How are species defined according to the phylogenetic species concept? A. Populations whose members can interbreed given the opportunity but are reproductively isolated from members of other related populations. B. All the individuals that share a set of characteristics derived from a single common ancestor. C. Populations in an evolutionary lineage whose members interbreed enough to maintain a gene pool in common. 2. Under which circumstance does allopatry occur? A. When populations inhabit geographic areas that do not overlap. B. When interbreeding populations live in the same geographic region. C. When populations living in separate areas interbreed. D. When overlapping populations have separate ecological niches. 3. Which of the following is an example of temporal isolation? A. Sympatric species of coral each release sperm into the water during the brief time that only eggs of their species are being released. B. In birds, sperm from a different species cannot survive the swim to the eggs, dying either in the vagina or in the reproductive tract storage tubes. C. The genitalia of male carabid beetles damage the reproductive tracts of females of other carabid species when mating, preventing fertilization. 4. Which hybrid suffers from a postzygotic ecological viability barrier to reproduction? A. A hybrid male cannot produce sperm. B. A hybrid offspring lives only a short time after birth. C. A hybrid that has problems eating the available food and avoiding predators. D. A hybrid adult does not perform the correct courtship dance. 5. Members of two geographically isolated populations of a species can produce hybrid offspring together in captivity. The hybrid offspring do not perform the correct courting rituals of either parent population and rarely produce offspring of their own. What is likely to happen to the populations? A. Reinforcement will eventually cause the wild populations to become separate species. B. Hybrid inviability will force the hybrid individuals to form their own separate population. C. Mechanical isolation will cause the two populations to remain distinct. 6. What is the term for the type of speciation that happens when reproductive barriers develop between populations because the populations use different resources or live in different parts of a habitat? A. Allopatric speciation. B. Sympatric speciation. C. Parapatric speciation. D. Ecological speciation.
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The phylogenetic species concept defines species as: **B. all the individuals that share a set of characteristics derived from a single common ancestor** Show moreā¦
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Madhur L.
What is the decisive criterion according to the biological species concept (BSC)? a. Sufficient similarity in morphology and behavior b. Monophyly c. Ability to interbreed A possible reconciliation of different species concepts is by recognizing that: a. a species is not constant in space, populations occupying different areas and facing different conditions may fulfill different species criteria. b. a species is not constant in time, but goes through a succession of stages during its existence, each characterized by different species criteria. The necessary first step in the process of speciation involves interruption to which mechanism of evolution? a. migration b. natural selection c. genetic drift d. non-random mating e. mutation Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic isolating barrier? a. The genitalia of a male duck that does not fit properly with the genitalia of females of another population. b. Females of one kind of fly that are not attracted to the buzz of another kind of male. c. Two species of bats breeding in different habitats. d. The hybrid offspring of two species of crocodiles that can produce normal gametes but cannot obtain a mate. e. The hybrid offspring of two species of crocodiles that can produce normal gametes.
20. Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation? a. pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation b. pre-zygotic, temporal separation c. pre-zygotic, ecological separation d. post-zygotic, temporal separation e. post-zygotic, ecological separation 21. Horses and donkeys can interbreed, but their offspring (mules) are infertile. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolating mechanism? a. pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation b. pre-zygotic, temporal separation c. post-zygotic, behavioral isolation d. post-zygotic, genetic incompatibility e. post-zygotic, ecological separation 22. Examine the figure shown. According to the figure, the closest relatives of turtles are: a. lizards and snakes. b. sauropsids. c. tetrapods. d. crocodiles, alligators, and birds. e. hagfish. 23. Ring species are a series of related populations that occur in the shape of a ring. Adjacent populations can hybridize, but populations at the ends of the ring cannot. The figure shows a ring species complex for seven populations of salamander. The seven populations are arranged around a low valley that the salamanders cannot cross. E.e. crocreator has a very specific mating "dance" that E.e. klauberi does not recognize, so they do not hybridize. This is an example of: a. pre-zygotic isolation. b. post-zygotic isolation. c. ecological isolation. d. temporal isolation. 24. Examine the figure shown. If we defined a taxon to include only the coelacanths and lungfish but not their most recent common ancestor, it would be a _____ group. a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic. 25. In a phylogenetic tree, a node or branching point represents: a. the common ancestor from which the descendant species diverged. b. the species in the fossil record from which the descendant species diverged. c. one of the descendant species in the phylogeny. d. the ancestral species from which all species in the phylogeny arose. e. None of the other answer options is correct. 26. A taxon that does NOT include the last common ancestor of all its members is a _____ group. a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic.
Md.Daniyal A.
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