Question

4. Given the following character matrix, TRY to construct a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among these taxa. Vertebrae? Bony skeleton? Four limbs? Amniotic egg?* Hair? Two post-orbital fenestrae?** Sharks and relatives YES no no no no no Ray-finned fishes YES YES no no no no Amphibians YES YES YES no no no Primates YES YES YES YES YES no Rodents and rabbits YES YES YES YES YES no Crocodiles and relatives YES YES YES YES no YES Dinosaurs and birds YES YES YES YES no YES *amniotic egg: an egg in which the embryo is surrounded by the moisture-retaining amnion membrane **post-orbital fenestrae: holes in the skull behind the eye For a little help: Identify the character that is shared by the most taxa first, then the character that is shared by the next greatest number of taxa. This should help you determine the nodes, synapomorphies and monophyletic groups in the phylogeny of these groups. Don't worry if you don't feel like you can do it...you will get more practice in class with your instructor. hair primates rodents & rabbits amniotic egg two post-orbital fenestrae crocodiles & relatives dinosaurs & birds amphibians four limbs bony skeleton ray finned fishes vertebrae sharks

          4. Given the following character matrix, TRY to construct a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among these taxa.

Vertebrae?
Bony skeleton?
Four limbs?
Amniotic egg?*
Hair?
Two post-orbital fenestrae?**

Sharks and relatives YES no no no no no
Ray-finned fishes YES YES no no no no
Amphibians YES YES YES no no no
Primates YES YES YES YES YES no
Rodents and rabbits YES YES YES YES YES no
Crocodiles and relatives YES YES YES YES no YES
Dinosaurs and birds YES YES YES YES no YES

*amniotic egg:
an egg in which the embryo is surrounded by the moisture-retaining amnion membrane

**post-orbital fenestrae:
holes in the skull behind the eye

For a little help: Identify the character that is shared by the most taxa first, then the character that is shared by the next greatest number of taxa. This should help you determine the nodes, synapomorphies and monophyletic groups in the phylogeny of these groups. Don't worry if you don't feel like you can do it...you will get more practice in class with your instructor.

hair
primates
rodents & rabbits
amniotic egg
two post-orbital fenestrae
crocodiles & relatives
dinosaurs & birds
amphibians
four limbs
bony skeleton
ray finned fishes
vertebrae
sharks

4. Given the following character matrix, TRY to construct a phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among these taxa.

Vertebrae?
Bony skeleton?
Four limbs?
Amniotic egg?*
Hair?
Two post-orbital fenestrae?**

Sharks and relatives YES no no no no no
Ray-finned fishes YES YES no no no no
Amphibians YES YES YES no no no
Primates YES YES YES YES YES no
Rodents and rabbits YES YES YES YES YES no
Crocodiles and relatives YES YES YES YES no YES
Dinosaurs and birds YES YES YES YES no YES

*amniotic egg:
an egg in which the embryo is surrounded by the moisture-retaining amnion membrane

**post-orbital fenestrae:
holes in the skull behind the eye

For a little help: Identify the character that is shared by the most taxa first, then the character that is shared by the next greatest number of taxa. This should help you determine the nodes, synapomorphies and monophyletic groups in the phylogeny of these groups. Don't worry if you don't feel like you can do it...you will get more practice in class with your instructor.

hair
primates
rodents rabbits
amniotic egg
two post-orbital fenestrae
crocodiles relatives
dinosaurs birds
amphibians
four limbs
bony skeleton
ray finned fishes
vertebrae
sharks

Added by Michele W.

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