6.3) A decrease in renal and liver function, as seen in the elderly, would prolong drug half-life, ___ plasma protein binding, and ___ volume of distribution. a) Increase; Increase b) Decrease; Decrease c) Increase; Decrease d) Decrease; Increase 6.4) When prescribing isoniazid (Rimifon), pharmacogenetics must be considered as >90% of Asians and certain other groups are ___ acetylators, and thus have a ___ blood concentration of a given dose and a decreased risk of toxicity. a) Slow; Increased b) Slow; Decreased c) Fast; Increased d) Fast; Decrease 6.5) Which of the following are the two modifying factors that contribute to why women have higher blood peak concentrations of alcohol than men when consuming equivalent amounts? Pharmacology β Part 1 Quiz a) Lower blood volume & increased hormones b) Lower fat content & more gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) c) Higher fat content & more gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) d) Lower fat content & less gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) e) Higher fat content & less gastric alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 2 β Pharmacokinetic Principles: Drug Movement 1) Pharmacokinetics is the effect of the ___ and pharmacodynamics is the effect of the ___ a) Drug on a drug; Body on the drug b) Body on the drug; Drug on a drug c) Drug on the body; Body on the drug d) Body on the drug; Drug on the body e) Drug on a drug; Drug on a drug 2.1) Which of the following is NOT an action of the body on a drug? a) Absorption b) Distribution c) Metabolism d) Excretion e) Side effects 3) If a drug is 80% bound to blood elements or plasma proteins, what part is considered the free form? a) 20% b) 40% c) 50% d) 80% e) 100% 4.1) Which of the following describes minimal effective concentration (MEC)? a) The minimal drug plasma concentration that can be detected b) The minimal drug plasma concentration to enter tissues c) The minimal drug plasma concentration to interact with receptors d) The minimal drug plasma concentration to produce effect e) The minimal drug plasma concentration to reach therapeutic levels 4.2) If a patient misses three doses of their daily drug, which of the following (in general) is the best solution? a) Take a 4x dose at the next dose time b) Wait 3 more days (week total) then return to normal regimen c) Do nothing and continue normal regimen d) Setup an appointment to have the patient evaluated e) Prescribe a higher dosage pill so missed doses will have less effect 4.3) Blood levels of a drug correlate to the effectiveness of that drug, such as with pentazocine (Talwin) or phenobarbitol (Luminal). a) True b) False
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1. Consider the following information about drug X: D = 300 mg; T = 12 h; F = 0.70 (70% absorption); Vd = 40 L; half-life = 15 hours. What is the Css (concentration at steady-state) for drug X? (Note: dosing interval is now 12 hours) a) 9.5 ug/ml at 12 hours b) 2.4 ug/ml at 12 hours c) 190 ug/ml at 12 hours d) 95 ug/ml at 12 hours e) 4.7 ug/ml at 12 hours 2. Consider the following information about drug X: D = 150 mg; T = 24 h; F = 0.70 (70% absorption); Vd = 40 L; half-life = 15 hours. What is the Css (concentration at steady-state) for drug X? a) 2.4 ug/ml b) 4.7 ug/ml c) 9.5 ug/ml d) 19 ug/ml e) none of the above 3. Consider the following information about drug X: D = 600 mg; T = 24 h; F = 0.70 (70% absorption); Vd = 40 L; half-life = 15 hours. What is the Css (concentration at steady-state) for drug X? a) 2.4 ug/ml b) 4.7 ug/ml c) 9.5 ug/ml d) 19.0 ug/ml e) 1.2 ug/ml 4. 100 mg of a drug with a bioavailability of 50% is given every 12 hrs to a patient. The volume of distribution of the drug is 100 L and the half-life is 12 hrs. Based upon this information, calculate the steady state concentration of the drug in the patient. 5. What oral loading dose of digoxin tablets (70% bioavailability) will be required to achieve a plasma concentration of 1.5 Β΅g/L in a 70 kg male patient if the volume of distribution of digoxin in this patient is 7.3 L/kg. 6. P.T. is a 2-week old, 3.2 kg neonate who has developed idiopathic tonic clonic seizure activity. It is decided that P.T. will be treated with phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate that can be used to treat seizures. An i.v. loading dose of 20 mg/kg phenobarbital sodium is given followed by maintenance doses of 1.5 mg/kg every 12 hrs. Using the following pharmacokinetic data: - Volume of distribution of phenobarbital is 0.9 L/kg for neonates - Phenobarbital clearance is 0.004 L/kg/hr for neonates - Salt factor for phenobarbital sodium is 0.9 6A. Calculate the initial post-load phenobarbital plasma concentration that results from the initial loading dose. 6B. Calculate the average steady state concentration of phenobarbital that results from the maintenance doses. 7. Which of the following statements (aβe) is/are true regarding the time to reach steady-state for the three drugs below? a) Drug A takes the longest time to reach steady state. b) Drug B takes the longest time to reach steady state. c) Drug C takes the longest time to reach steady state. d) Drug A takes 6.9 hours to reach steady state. e) None of the above is true. 8. To achieve a loading dose of a drug where the volume of distribution of the drug is 35 L and the clearance rate is 70 ml/min, and the desired dose is 3.5 mg/L, (i) one should administer how many mg of drug initially? a) 70 mg b) 122.5 mg c) 175 mg d) 200 mg e) 225 mg 9. A 50 YO man comes with Ventricular Tachycardi. He weighs 80 kg. The doctor decides to treat the man with an IV bolus dose of an antiarrhythmic agent to attain an initial peak serum concentration of 2 mg/L. The Volume of distribution is 1 L/kg. What is the most appropriate loading dose of this drug for the patient in mg? 10. A 25 YO weighing 100 kg needs to take the anti-seizure drug carbamazepine. The drug should be taken TID, PO and the target plasma concentration should be 6 mg/L. i. What is the maintenance dose? F = 0.7, Vd = 1.4 L/kg, t1/2 = 15 hrs ii. If the carbamazepine tablets are 200 mg each, how many tablets should be taken every 8 hours?
Sri K.
The equation that best fits the plasma analysis level curve after an i.v. in 2000 mg bolus (assuming one compartment kinetics) is C = 143e^(-0.87t). Calculate: A) The apparent volume of distribution B) The mean elimination time C) Drug concentration in plasma after 6 hours D) The amount of drug that will remain in the body after 6 hours E) When should the next dose be taken if the drug is ineffective when the plasma level falls below 50 micrograms/mL? F) The therapeutic index of the drug if the therapeutic range is 50 to 500 micrograms/mL G) How many doses must be administered to reach an instantaneous plasma concentration of 500 micrograms/mL H) For how long will the plasma level fall in the therapeutic window if the previous dose is given as i.v. bolus?
Supreeta N.
Drug pharmacokinetics During testing of a new drug, researchers measured the plasma drug concentration of each test subject at 10-minute intervals. The average concentrations $C(t)$ are shown in the table, where t is measured in minutes and $C$ is measured in $\mu g / m L .$ Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the integral $\int_{0}^{100} C(t) d t$ State the units. $$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline t & {0} & {10} & {20} & {30} & {40} & {50} \\ \hline C(t) & {0} & {1.3} & {1.8} & {2.2} & {2.4} & {2.5} \\ \hline\end{array}$$ $$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline t & {60} & {70} & {80} & {90} & {100} \\ \hline C(t) & {2.4} & {2.3} & {2.0} & {1.6} & {1.1} \\ \hline\end{array}$$
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