For each of the metabolites listed below describe if it indirectly activates or inhibits the activity of glutamine synthetase; a-ketoglutarate, glutamine, ATP, and Pi.
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Glutamine synthetase is one of the most complex regulatory enzymes known, not surprising in light of its central role as the entry point for reduced nitrogen in metabolism. Which of the following statements is true concerning this enzyme? Glutamine synthetase activity is allosterically activated by high concentrations of several end products of its metabolism. All are correct. Glutamine synthetase activity is high when the glutamine levels are low and α-ketoglutarate and ATP concentrations are high. Glutamine synthetase activity is high when the α-ketoglutarate and ATP concentrations are low and glutamine levels are high. Covalent modifications of the enzyme glutamine synthetase include adenylylation, uridylylation, and phosphorylation.
Madhur L.
Select all answers that are TRUE about glutamine synthetase effectors: A. Glutamine, the end product of the reaction, binds to glutamine synthetase and inhibits its activity. B. A high concentration of ammonia activates uridylylation of the regulatory protein PII. C. Deuridylylated regulatory protein PII reverts the glutamine synthetase activity towards the synthesis of glutamate from glutamine. D. Glutamine, the end product of the reaction, inhibits uridylylation of the regulatory protein PII. E. Glutamine synthetase is activated by adenynylation from ATP. F. Uridylylated regulatory protein PII activates glutamine synthetase by deadenylylation of the enzyme.
Suppose at certain specific metabolite concentrations in vivo the cyclic cascade regulating $E$ coli glutamine synthetase has reached a dynamic equilibrium where the average state of GS adenylylation is poised at $n=6 .$ Predict what change in $n$ will occur if: a. $[\mathrm{ATP}]$ increases b. $P_{11} / P_{110}$ increases c. $[\alpha-\mathrm{KG}] / \mathrm{Gln}]$ increases d. $\left[P_{i}\right]$ decreases.
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