For someone who has enormous maximal cardiac output, oxygen saturation of blood stays about constant as aerobic exercise increases toward maximum blood might be pushed too quickly through pulmonary capillaries for it to be fully oxygenated anaerobic ATP production cannot occur
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Step 1: Restate the task — decide which of the three statements about a person with enormous maximal cardiac output are true: 1) oxygen saturation of blood stays about constant as aerobic exercise increases toward maximum, 2) blood might be pushed too quickly Show more…
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During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170% to meet the body's increased oxygen demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise?
Sri K.
While a runner rests before a race, the hemoglobin in the blood returning to her heart is 75% saturated with O2 (that is, the blood is carrying about 75% of the maximum possible capacity to carry O2). While she is running, this percentage ... A. increases because her muscles need more O2. B. decreases because the partial pressure of O2 in her lung alveoli is reduced to below 40 mm Hg. C. increases because she is breathing harder. D. decreases because the decreased PO2 in her muscles promotes O2 unloading in those tissues. E. stays the same because hemoglobin is usually 75% saturated with O2.
Adi S.
45. Myocardial efficiency will be improved if stroke volume is decreased and/or heart rate is increased for a given workload. 46. When going from moderate levels of exercise (e.g., 30-50% of maximal effort) intensity up to maximal levels of exercise intensity, the observed increase in cardiac output is due to an increase in heart rate. 47. Because hemoglobin is an allosteric protein, the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin and the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin is cooperative (i.e., the binding of oxygen to one heme enhances the binding of oxygen to other hemes and vice-versa, the unloading of oxygen from one heme enhances the unloading of oxygen from other hemes) resulting in a 2-fold increase in the availability of oxygen to muscle tissue; in addition, shifting of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation (Hb-O2) curve to the right does not affect the amount of oxygen loaded on hemoglobin in the lungs but increases the amount of oxygen released from hemoglobin to the muscle tissue and hence, oxygen availability to the muscle tissue is increased. 48. During exercise at sea level, there is usually not enough time for the complete diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood as well as between the blood and the muscle tissue. 49. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the blood has minimal effects on cardiorespiratory responses or oxygen availability to the muscle tissue. 50. Elevations in altitude above 1,500 meters decrease maximal oxygen uptake rate (VO2max) and consequently hinder endurance performance. 51. Whereas volume of training refers to the percent of a one-repetition maximum that is lifted in strength training or the percent of maximal heart rate in endurance training, intensity of training refers to the number of repetitions per set times the number of sets completed in strength training or the duration or distance in endurance training. 52. According to the Surgeon General's Report, every American should accumulate 20 minutes of vigorous activity most if not all days of the week. 53. According to the American College of Sports Medicine's Position Stand on the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory fitness, individuals should train 3-5 days per week at 60-90% of heart rate maximum for 20-60 minutes per session.
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