00:01
In order to answer this question, let's talk about metabolism.
00:04
It says, we've used your notes for glycolysis, pyrobat oxidation, and acetic acid cycle.
00:10
How many an adhd, f .e .h., f .d .h .2, n.
00:12
Atp are formed in each per glucose broken down.
00:15
So, in glycolysis, you start with glucose, obviously.
00:18
Okay? and then it is going to be broken down via the process of glycolysis in order to produce one pyruid here and another pyruid here.
00:27
In this glucose molecule, you're going to use 1 atp here.
00:32
Another atp here, then you're going to produce one nadh per side.
00:41
It means another nadh here.
00:46
And in general, you're going to produce two atps here and also 2 atp here.
00:51
So they are asking you in glycolysis, how many atps are you going to produce? okay, so you use 280ps and you're producing 480p.
00:59
So 4 minus 2 is equal to 280ps.
01:03
So you produce a net of 280ps in glycolysis.
01:07
Now, for nadh, how many nadh you produce? you produce 2 nadh molecules in glycolysis.
01:16
Now, for pyrobit oxidation, let's only focus on one pyrobin, okay? one pyrobit.
01:21
After glycolysis occurs, pyrobin is going to enter mitochondria and is going to be converted to acetylcoa, where you're going to produce 1nadh and practically 080ps.
01:31
Okay, so you get 080ps in pyruvate oxidation and 1 in adh.
01:38
Okay, but remember that a...
01:39
If you're starting per glucose, it means with one glucose molecule, then this question says, in each per glucose broken down.
01:49
And per glucose, you're going to produce 2nadh and to acetal coate because you produce in glycolysis two pyrobed molecules.
01:55
So you have here 080ps and 2naids molecules.
02:01
Now the next one says the citric acid cycle, also known as a grip cycle.
02:07
Remember that it says per glucose broken down.
02:10
So this is why we have here 2nadh instead of only one because we have another pyruvate, okay? so let's continue here and at the end we're going to multiply everything by 2 because we have 2 acetalcoa molecules.
02:21
So after acetalcoa is produced, it is going to enter the curve cycle, where it is going to produce 3 nadh molecules, 1fadh2, and 1 atp via a substrate level of correlation, okay? so as everything is multiplied by 2, then you're going to produce, 2 atp, then you're going to produce 6 nadh and 2 fadh2 molecules.
02:52
So this is the answer for part 1 of that question.
02:55
Question 14 says, nadh molecules from glycolysis must travel into the mitochondria to pass their electrons to the electron transport chain.
03:01
And this is true because nadh and fadh 2 are electron caggers.
03:05
Okay, and they need to deliver those electrons to the electron transfer chain that is found in mitochondria.
03:10
So here for this nadh here and also this nadh and fadhgrs, there is no problem because they are inside mitochondria, but in case of the nadh producing glycolysis, they are producing the cytosol.
03:21
Okay, so they need to enter mitochondria.
03:23
So it says, and because this process takes some energy for every nadh from glycolysis, 2 atp are formed instead of 3.
03:32
It says, add up all the atps from each nadh and fadh to produce during the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule, what is an atp gain from one glucose, and show your calculation below.
03:44
So practically they are asking us the net atp count produced from one glucose molecule, okay? from one glucose molecule out to the, like including the oxidative fluorination.
03:57
So first, let's leave it.
04:01
Let's just say here, okay? as i told you, you had 2nadh, then to atp's here, 6nadh and 2fadh2.
04:08
Now, normally the equivalence is like this.
04:10
When one nadh produces 380ps and one fadh2 produces 280ps.
04:23
But these are the equivalences for nadh and fadh2 that are produced within mitochondria.
04:29
Okay, so in this case, let's leave these molecules here that are produced in glycolysis, like to the end.
04:35
Okay, let's start with here.
04:37
This in total you have a total of 280ps, 8 nadh, and 2f2.
04:45
F .a .d .h2.
04:47
So this is equal to 280ps plus 8 multiplied by 3 because of the equivalence plus 2 multiplied by 2 because of the equivalence for fadh 2.
04:56
And this is equal to 2 multiplied by 24, i'm sorry, added to 24 plus 4, this is equal to 30.
05:07
So you have 3080s here.
05:10
Okay, 3080s out of all of this.
05:13
Now you need also these 280ps and an 88 in glycolysis.
05:19
So you have that 30 adps plus this 280ps you have 3 to 80ps.
05:28
Now you need the nadh molecules that are produced in glycolysis, okay, in the cytosol.
05:34
It says because this process takes some energy for every nadh from glycolysis, 280ps are formed instead of 3.
05:41
So usually this nadh can produce like from 2 to 380ps depending on the travel that they use.
05:48
But in this case they are asking us to use the equivalence of two.
05:52
Okay, so the equivalence for nadh producing cyto -sol is established here according to this question.
05:57
It is equal to, and it is equivalent to two.
06:00
So you have to multiply 2 by 2 and this is equal to 4.
06:03
4.
06:03
So you have to add here plus 480p, and this is equal to 3680p.
06:09
So this is the answer for question 14.
06:11
Question 15 says oxidative of foliation cannot occur when there is no oxygen to acid electrons from complex 4...