The following chart shows the energy products produced in various stages of the breakdown of glucose. Process ATP Produced NADH/FADH2 Produced Glycolysis 2 2 NADH Pyruvate Oxidation (per molecule of pyruvate) 1 NADH Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle (per molecule of pyruvate) 1 3 NADH 1 FADH2 Each molecule of NADH results in approximately 2.5 molecules of ATP, whereas each molecule of FADH2 results in approximately 1.5 molecules of ATP when these molecules are fed into the electron transport chain. What is the difference in the total number of ATP produced between 3 molecules of glucose that undergo fermentation compared with 3 molecules of glucose that undergo aerobic respiration?
Added by Isabel L.
Step 1
Fermentation only includes glycolysis, so we only need to consider the ATP and NADH produced in glycolysis. For 1 molecule of glucose in glycolysis: ATP produced = 2 NADH produced = 2 For 3 molecules of glucose in glycolysis: ATP produced = 2 * 3 = 6 NADH Show more…
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The reactions of glycolysis produce ATP from ADP as the storage form of the energy output, but the citric acid cycle mainly produces NADH and FADH2. Since ATP is the energy currency used throughout the cell, what happens to NADH and FADH2 to "exchange" these "foreign currencies" for ATP? What is the net energy output (in units of ATP molecules) from glycolysis? From fermentation? From the aerobic processes (pyruvate oxidation, followed by the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain)? What do the protein complexes of the electron transport chain do to extract the energy from NADH and FADH2 and convert it into usable units of ATP? (hint: it involves creating an ion imbalance across a mitochondrial membrane and using that gradient to drive phosphorylation).
Bryan V.
Part C. Supply the number of molecules produced from one molecule of glucose in the stages of respiration given in Table 3. For each type of product identified in each column heading, enter the net number of molecules that form in the stage of respiration given in the row header. Report GTP as the ATP equivalent, as shown in the diagram for the citric acid cycle (McKee Fig: 9.8). Table 3: Number of products based on one glucose molecule Stage of respiration Glycolysis (LO2) Glycolysis (+O2) Pyruvate oxidation Citric Acid Cycle Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA CO2 NADH FADH2 ATP equivalents
Katlin K.
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