Male elk grow antlers during mating season, but female elk do not. These sharp antlers are likely used in... Monogamy Many-eyes Hypothesis Intersexual selection Intrasexual selection Polyandry
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Step 1: Note the biological facts given — only male elk grow sharp antlers and they appear during the mating season; this suggests the trait is related to reproduction and likely functions in interactions between individuals at mating time. Show more…
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Male elk that grow large antlers are more likely to win a fight when challenged by a rival and are more attractive to females. This means they have a reproductive advantage over small antlered males. However, to grow those large antlers these males must "steal" calcium from their bones, giving them seasonal osteoporosis. This makes their bones more brittle and more likely to break, which can decrease their chances of survival. This is an example of: Select one: a. Individual learning b. Inclusive fitness c. Sexual selection d. Survival selection e. Cultural transmission
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