Question

A mutation is defined as a change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule. Sometimes mutations cause no obvious changes, but other times mutations can have profound effects on the synthesis or the function of a protein. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below are the same except for a single base pair mutation highlighted in yellow. (In each instance, the bolded base pair is the starting point of transcription.) Normal sequence 5'-ATGATCGGATCGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTA-5' Mutation I 5'-ATGATCGGATTGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTAACTAGGTA-5' Mutation II 5'-ATGATCGGATAGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTATCTAGGTA-5' Mutation III 5'-ATGATCGGAAACGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTA-5' The genetic code and the amino acid properties tables are in the Exam Handout Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Which of the mutations above would result in the replacement of an amino acid with a nonpolar R group with a different, but similar, amino acid? Which of the mutations above would cause the synthesis of an incomplete (shorter than normal) version of the protein?

          A mutation is defined as a change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule. Sometimes mutations cause no obvious changes, but other times mutations can have profound effects on the synthesis or the function of a protein.
The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below are the same except for a single base pair mutation highlighted in yellow. (In each instance, the bolded base pair is the starting point of transcription.)
Normal sequence 5'-ATGATCGGATCGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTA-5'
Mutation I 5'-ATGATCGGATTGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTAACTAGGTA-5'
Mutation II 5'-ATGATCGGATAGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTATCTAGGTA-5'
Mutation III 5'-ATGATCGGAAACGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTA-5'
**The genetic code and the amino acid properties tables are in the Exam Handout**
Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein?
Which of the mutations above would result in the replacement of an amino acid with a nonpolar R group with a different, but similar, amino acid?
Which of the mutations above would cause the synthesis of an incomplete (shorter than normal) version of the protein?

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A mutation is defined as a change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule. Sometimes mutations cause no obvious changes, but other times mutations can have profound effects on the synthesis or the function of a protein.
The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below are the same except for a single base pair mutation highlighted in yellow. (In each instance, the bolded base pair is the starting point of transcription.)
Normal sequence 5'-ATGATCGGATCGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTA-5'
Mutation I 5'-ATGATCGGATTGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTAACTAGGTA-5'
Mutation II 5'-ATGATCGGATAGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTATCTAGGTA-5'
Mutation III 5'-ATGATCGGAAACGATCCAT-3'
3'-TACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTA-5'
**The genetic code and the amino acid properties tables are in the Exam Handout**
Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein?
Which of the mutations above would result in the replacement of an amino acid with a nonpolar R group with a different, but similar, amino acid?
Which of the mutations above would cause the synthesis of an incomplete (shorter than normal) version of the protein?

Added by Matthew A.

Biology for AP Courses

Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht

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Solved by Expert Bryan Valdivia

12/20/2021

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Step 1: Identify the mutations that would affect the function of the protein. Show more…

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A mutation is defined as a change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule. Sometimes mutations cause no obvious changes, but other times mutations can have profound effects on the synthesis or the function of a protein. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below are the same except for a single base pair mutation highlighted in yellow. (In each instance, the bolded base pair is the starting point of transcription.) Normal sequence 5'-ATGATCGGATCGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTA-5' Mutation I 5'-ATGATCGGATTGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTAACTAGGTA-5' Mutation II 5'-ATGATCGGATAGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTATCTAGGTA-5' Mutation III 5'-ATGATCGGAAACGATCCAT-3' 3'-TACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTA-5' **The genetic code and the amino acid properties tables are in the Exam Handout** Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Which of the mutations above would result in the replacement of an amino acid with a nonpolar R group with a different, but similar, amino acid? Which of the mutations above would cause the synthesis of an incomplete (shorter than normal) version of the protein?

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Transcript

00:01 So i want to consider this question as to about base pain.

00:03 Remember that according to base pain, adenine is going to pair with timing and cytosynvary to 1.

00:09 Okay, this is going to change in rna because in rna you don't have timing and you're going to have your acid.

00:14 So in the strand in dna, remember that goes from 5 to 3 is going to be the coding extract.

00:19 And this coding strand is going to have the same sequence as your mrna.

00:22 So the mri here is going to be 5 and a u or let's let me like type it.

00:32 So this is going to be your golden strad.

00:35 And this is going to be the same sequence as your mrna.

00:37 But in mna, you're not going to have timing, but your acylus, so this is going to be your sequence.

00:42 You're going to change all the timings by uracils.

00:48 And this is what you're going to have.

00:49 Okay.

00:51 So this is going to be your mrna.

00:52 You have to look for the start code that is agg, and you're going to start arranging as triplets.

00:57 And you're going to have this.

01:00 Now you're going to use a genetic code table in order to find the amino acids, that each of these codes are going to code for, and you're going to find that aug is going to code for methyony, auc is going to code for isolucin, gga is going to code for lizing, u -cg is going to code for serine, auc is going to code for isolucin, ncau is going to code for histine.

01:29 So this is going to be your normal, mrna is also your normal protein sequence.

01:35 Okay, so this is what you're going to have out of here.

01:38 Now it says, inutation 1.

01:41 Let's copy this here.

01:46 Now this is what you have.

01:48 Instead of, let's see what is a difference between this and this.

01:53 Okay, so you have here a, well, that g practically has been changed by an a.

02:00 This is a position 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8.

02:05 So practically a position here, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4.

02:08 Five, six, seven, eight, instead of having a g, or instead of having a g here, you're going to have a.

02:19 And if you have a, then you're going to have here t instead of c.

02:23 So at position a instead of c, you're going to have timing.

02:27 So you have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.

02:30 Instead of c, you're going to have timing here.

02:33 But you don't have timing in mna, you have e...

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