C. Part 2 Practice exercises: 1. Here is a DNA strand: 5'-CCC GTG GCA TTT AAA GTG-3' • What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. 2. Here is a DNA strand: 3'-CAA TGT GCA GCG AAA CTC-5' • What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. 3. Here is a DNA strand: 5'-CGG AGA GCA AAA AAA CTC-3' • What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. RNA processing After the mRNA is released from the DNA template, it needs to be modified. In some genes the protein-coding sections of the DNA ("exons") are interrupted by non-coding regions ("introns"). RNA splicing removes the introns from pre mRNA to produce the final set of instructions for the protein. The mRNA also must be modified to make it active. This is done by adding a methyl guanosine 'cap' and a poly A (adenine) 'tail'. D. View the video mRNA splicing: https://dnalc.cshl.edu/resources/3d/rna-splicing.html At this point, the spliced, capped and tailed mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be translated. Part 3. Translation of mRNA into protein A. Introduction mRNAs are translated on ribosomes where they are "decoded" so that each triplet codon directs the addition of a single amino acid to a growing peptide chain. Message sequences begin with the nucleotide triplet AUG [methionine] codon. The ribosome searches for the AUG nearest the 5' end of the message in prokaryotes or on the 3' side of the leader sequence in eukaryotes. The position of the AUG marks the reading frame for translation. tRNAs are folded pieces of RNA that carry amino acids. The three exposed bases of tRNAs form their anticodons. These will bond with three complementary bases on the mRNA – the codons.
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For the first DNA strand: 5' CCC GTG GCA TTT AAA GTG 3' The complementary mRNA strand would be: 3' GGG CAC CGU AAA UUU CAC 5' Show more…
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Part 2 Practice exercises: 1. Here is a DNA strand: 5'-CCC GTG GCA TTT AAA GTG-3' What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. 2. Here is a DNA strand: 3'-CAA TGT GCA GCG AAA CTC-5' What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. 3. Here is a DNA strand: 5'-CGG AGA GCA AAA AAA CTC-3' What is the complementary mRNA strand? Label the 5' and 3' ends. RNA processing After the mRNA is released from the DNA template, it needs to be modified. In some genes the protein-coding sections of the DNA ("exons") are interrupted by non-coding regions ("introns"). RNA splicing removes the introns from pre mRNA to produce the final set of instructions for the protein. The mRNA also must be modified to make it active. This is done by adding a methyl guanosine 'cap' and a poly A (adenine) 'tail'. D. View the video mRNA splicing: https://dnalc.cshl.edu/resources/3d/rna-splicing.html At this point, the spliced, capped and tailed mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be translated. Part 3. Translation of mRNA into protein A. Introduction mRNAs are translated on ribosomes where they are "decoded" so that each triplet codon directs the addition of a single amino acid to a growing peptide chain. Message sequences begin with the nucleotide triplet AUG [methionine] codon. The ribosome searches for the AUG nearest the 5' end of the message in prokaryotes or on the 3' side of the leader sequence in eukaryotes. The position of the AUG marks the reading frame for translation. tRNAs are folded pieces of RNA that carry amino acids. The three exposed bases of tRNAs form their anticodons. These will bond with three complementary bases on the mRNA - the codons.
Adi S.
Question 3.1: Consider the following piece of messenger RNA: 5'-AUG GAG UCG UUA AUU AAA CCG GUG UAA AUC-3' Draw both strands of the segment of DNA that this mRNA was transcribed from. Indicate the template strand for this mRNA. Make sure you label the 5' and 3' ends of each strand. (4 points) Using the codon chart below, give the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be produced by translation of the mRNA, assuming the ribosome moved along the mRNA from left to right. Be sure to indicate the amino and carboxy-terminus of this protein. (4 points)
Qudsiya A.
The top strand of the following segment of DNA serves as the template strand. We will refer to this segment of DNA as the original (or unmutated) sequence. 3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’ 5’ ATGTGGAACCGCTGCTGA 3’ The original (unmutated) DNA sequence (above) has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand): 3’ TACATCTTGGCGACGACT 5’. We will refer to this sequence as mutation #1. *Please note that for simplicity only the template strand for this mutated segment of DNA is shown. Answer the following questions: (a) What is the complete mRNA sequence for the mutated segment mutation #1? The mutated mRNA sequence is: 5' AUGAAGAACCGCUGCUCA 3'. **Please enter your sequence in the 5' to 3' direction.** (b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated. The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus Met-Lys-Asn-Arg-Cys-Leu-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Cys-Leu-Gly-Cys-Ala C-terminus. **Please note** The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein. i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated. If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP. When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP). You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.
Sri K.
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