Part 1: Digestive System 1. Celiac disease is a disorder triggered in susceptible individuals by exposure to gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When someone with celiac disease ingests gluten, they may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, or other acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, they may show weight loss, fatigue, or mood changes. In celiac disease, the patient's immune system attacks and damages the villi of the small intestine. Use this information and your understanding of the digestive system to explain why patients with undiagnosed celiac disease may develop disorders associated with nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia (from lack of iron) or osteoporosis (from lack of calcium), even if they are eating a healthy diet. (4pts) Part 2: Urinary System 2. The first step in making urine is the formation of filtrate. Explain how this step occurs. For full credit, you must explain: the pressures involved, how the histology of the structure where this occurs facilitates filtrate formation, and what goes into the filtrate. (4pts) 3. Explain two reasons why maintaining a steady glomerular filtration rate is important (2pts) Part 3: Fluids/Electrolytes & Acid/Base 4. A patient shows up at the hospital with a low blood pH and high levels of CO2 and HCO3-. A) These values indicate what condition? (1pt) B) Identify and explain one reason why this condition could occur. (2pts) C) Explain what the kidneys are doing to compensate for this condition. (2pts)