All of the following reactions are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation (in glycolysis and the TCA cycle), EXCEPT: a. Phosphoglycerokinase (Gly-7) b. Pyruvate Kinase (Gly-10) c. Hexokinase (Gly-1) d. Succinyl CoA Synthetase (TCA-5) QUESTION 3: In animal cells, pyruvate is normally generated in the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondrial matrix to be further oxidized by PDH and the TCA cycle. Which of the following conditions would PREVENT pyruvate from entering the mitochondrial matrix? a. A high concentration of [H+] in the mitochondrial matrix and a low concentration of [H+] in the intermembrane space. b. Very low concentrations of oxygen (O2) in the cell. c. An electron transport chain inhibitor like antimycin A (which stops electron flow at Complex III). d. A mitochondrial matrix that is more acidic relative to the intermembrane space. e. All of the above conditions would prevent pyruvate from entering the mitochondrial matrix. Question 4: At Complex I in the ETC, NADH transfers 2 electrons to flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The overall redox reaction is the following: NADH + FMN + H+ --> FMNH2 + NAD+ Calculate the standard free energy change for the redox reaction shown above. a. -0.92 kcal/mol b. +0.92 kcal/mol c. -0.46 kcal/mol d. +0.46 kcal/mol e. Not enough information to answer this question.
Added by Kenneth C.
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Hexokinase (Gly-1). This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose, but it is not an example of substrate-level phosphorylation, which involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP. Show more…
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Sri K.
6. The metabolic pathway of glycolysis could be considered as: A. A totally irreversible process such as gluconeogenesis B. A process where oxidative (i.e., aerobic) phosphorylation occurs C. A reducing process that forms NADPH D. A process where fructose 6-phosphate functions as a transfer point to other metabolic pathways E. A process where phosphorylation occurs at the substrate level (obtaining ATP) in the phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) reaction 7. Glycolysis produces more energy from glycogenolysis than from free glucose because: A. Pyruvate accumulates B. Glucose is already phosphorylated after the action of glycolysis C. Glucose from glycogenolysis does not undergo glycolysis D. Glucose from glycogenolysis enters the Krebs cycle directly E. The branching enzyme releases glucose 10. The Cori Cycle is essential in a state of: A. Fast B. Hyperglycemia - high blood sugar C. Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar D. Optimal health E. Stress 11. A muscle cell is working extremely hard under conditions of low glucose and an anaerobic environment. One way to get your energy in that state would be: A. All mentioned below B. By means of lactate dehydrogenase C. Through glycogenolysis D. Stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver
Madhur L.
Under typical cellular conditions, Step #8 of the TCA cycle (the malate dehydrogenase reaction) is driven to the right primarily by: A. low malate concentrations. B. the highly exergonic reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase. C. the highly exergonic fumarase reaction which keeps malate concentrations very high. D. the higher electron affinity of NAD+ as compared to malate. E. the highly exergonic citrate synthase reaction which keeps oxaloacetate concentrations very low. 2. Assuming standard biochemical conditions, Step #3 of the TCA cycle is: (select any/all answers that apply) A. endergonic. B. exergonic. C. at or near equilibrium. D. spontaneous in the forward direction. E. spontaneous in the reverse direction. Questions #24-27 refer to the following biological redox reaction: Succinate + FAD <-----> Fumarate + FADH2 For this reaction, in the forward direction (as written), which of the following is true? Select any/all answers that apply. A. Succinate gets oxidized to fumarate. B. Succinate donates its electrons to FAD. C. FAD gets reduced to FADH2. D. FADH2 donates its electrons to fumarate. E. The reaction involves the movement of exactly two electrons. What is the name of the cellular enzyme that catalyzes this reaction? The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction is part of (select any/all answers that apply): A. glycolysis. B. gluconeogenesis. C. the PDH complex. D. the TCA cycle. E. the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In eukaryotic cells, this enzyme is: A. physically associated with the plasma membrane. B. located in the cytosol. C. physically associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane. D. located in the mitochondrial matrix. E. physically associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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