Q. 1) The Alu DNA sequence in primates is what type of genomic element? A) transposase B) homologous gene C) retrotransposon D) DNA transposon Q. 2) Repetitive sequences are A) segments of DNA that are repeated multiple times across multiple individuals. B) segments of DNA that are repeated multiple times across multiple species. C) segments of DNA repeated multiple times erroneously during DNA sequencing. D) segments of DNA repeated multiple times within a genome. E) segments of DNA that are repeated multiple times when transcribed as RNA. Q.3) The function of the enzyme ligase is to: A) Remove DNA from the plasmid. B) purify the plasmid DNA. C) add new DNA to the plasmid. D) repair damaged DNA. E) form covalent bonds between cloned gene and plasmid. Q.4) "Sticky ends" are A) double-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by staggered cuts. B) single-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by staggered cuts. C) double-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by blunt cuts. D) different from cohesive ends. E) single-stranded DNA sequences that are generated by blunt cuts. Q.5) How does the template DNA become single-stranded? A) Heat is used to break the hydrogen bonds. B) Hydrogenase is used to break the hydrogen bonds. C) Taq polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds. D) The template DNA is already single-stranded. E) Helicase is used to break the hydrogen bonds. Q.6) You are attempting to amplify a gene using PCR, but after trying several times, you still get no results. Your lab mate tells you that she noticed the thermal cycler was not getting very hot. If this is true, why did your reaction fail? A) The double stranded template DNA did not separate. B) Taq polymerase can only function at high temperatures. C) The primers were not able to anneal. D) The deoxyribonucleotides could not polymerize. E) Newly synthesized DNA could not form double stranded DNA.
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When a DNA molecule is described as replicating bidirectionally, that means that it has A.) replication forks B.) chains C.) origins D.) termination points. The sigma factor of prokaryotic DNA polymerase A.) binds to the enhancer site B.) binds to the promoter site C.) can also synthesize DNA from RNA D.) binds in the operator site E.) is used to terminate RNA synthesis. A patient has a defect in a BRCA gene causing a deficiency in the enzyme needed for homologous recombination. This will primarily impact which of the following? A.) repair of DNA strand break B.) separation of thymidine dimers C.) the replacement of mismatches after DNA synthesis D.) the replacement of chemically mutated bases E.) repair of missing purines. The same gene codes for the two proteins ApoB-48 and ApoB-100. How do the intestinal cells make ApoB-48 rather than ApoB-100? A.) by skipping the stop codon and continue reading until the next stop codon B.) by including a frame shift when transcribing the mRNA thus creating an early start codon C.) by inducing a frame shift when translating the mRNA thus reading what has become an early start codon D.) by adding an early stop codon by changing a C to a U. A new class of drugs being developed is called DNA repair inhibitors. Using your understanding of biochemistry, which of the following situations would be the most useful setting for their use? A.) as a co-treatment for the radiation of a tumor B.) as a treatment for Angelman syndrome C.) as a treatment for AIDS D.) as a protective treatment for patients with a p53 mutation E.) as a treatment for sunburns.
Sri K.
QUESTION 18 Which DNA sequences must a synthetic gene contain in order for the gene to be inserted into the expression plasmid? A. DNA ligase sites. B. Restriction enzyme sites. C. Origin of replication. D. Lac operator. QUESTION 19 The correct order of DNA segments in an operon is: A. Operator, structural genes, promoter. B. Promoter, operator, structural genes. C. Operator, promoter, structural genes. D. Promoter, structural genes, operator. QUESTION 20 The DNA sequence of the expression plasmid adjacent to the ribosome binding site is: ---GGATCCATCTGCGAATTC---- ---CCTAGGTAGACGCTTAAG--- It contains a BamH1 site (G^GATCC) and an EcoR1 site (G^AATTC). In order for the synthetic gene to be inserted between these two sites, it should be constructed to have which restriction sites at its beginning and at its end? A. EcoR1, followed by EcoR1. B. BamH1, followed by BamH1. C. BamH1, followed by EcoR1. D. EcoR1, followed by BamH1. QUESTION 21 When producing a protein from a gene on DNA, the first process to occur must be A. mutation B. translation C. replication D. transcription QUESTION 22 In an expression plasmid, the origin of replication: A. allows the bacteria to duplicate the plasmid. B. allows for growth of plasmid-containing bacteria in the presence of antibiotics. C. is responsible for the replication of mRNA. D. Is the position where the base number begins at 1. QUESTION 23 Separation of the original DNA strands is due to the action of: A. polymerase B. helicase C. single-stranded binding protein D. RNA primers QUESTION 24 Which of the following terms refers to a region of a chromosome that has a specific function? A. Genotype B. DNA C. Gene D. Allele QUESTION 25 The tRNA with UAU as the anticodon would be attached to which amino acid? A. leucine B. tyrosine C. isoleucine D. serine
Adi S.
1. Functional repetitive non-coding DNA elements in the human genome include all of the following except: TF binding sites, restriction enzyme cut sites, intron/exon junctions, transposons, processed pseudogenes. 2. What year was the draft of the human genome sequence completed? - 1990, 2003, 2007, 2012. 3. DNA elements include all of the following except: centromere, nucleus, NOR, pseudogene, TTAGGG. 4. What kind of DNA elements do all transposons share? - Gene for transposes, flanking direct repeats, an RNA intermediary step. 5. The Hominidae is a taxonomic family more commonly called great apes. Hominidae includes us humans and the genera PAN, gorilla, and Pongo. What is the typical haploid autosomal karyotype of the Hominidae family? 6. Mini satellites refer to DNA elements that are: an example of domain, an example of a motif, found in the centromere, tend to be arranged in repeats one after the other in tandem. 7. HOX genes are examples of a gene family whose members: are nearly identical in sequence, have very similar but not identical sequences, have a conserved domain, have a conserved motif, have products with similar structure. 8. Which of the following DNA elements would be found in a processed pseudogene: exons, introns, TATA box, untranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends, impossible to know this without additional information. 9. Select all true statements: pyrroline is an amino acid found in some organisms, selenocysteine, an important amino acid in some redox proteins, is coded for by the standard genetic code, AUG is the initiation code in all non-genetic codes, all DNA strands can be read by computers in three different ways when interpreting the genetic code. 10. Transcription activity refers to which process: RNA editing, RNA interference, RNA processing, RNA polymerase 2 binding. 11. Which of the following statements are not consistent with the interpretation that 80% of the human genome contains functional DNA elements? - RNA polymerase 2 binds to and transcribes DNA sequences at different rates, many lncRNAs are found only in some cell or tissue types and not others, many lncRNAs show sequence conservation across species, transcription factors often bind to DNA elements unassociated with known genes. 12. In thinking about the DNA sequence of a gene for many individuals, which one of the following elements of a gene is least likely to be conserved? - Exon, intron, intron-exon border, regulatory regions.
Alexander B.
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