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Q1.12. Consider this alternative experiment intended to test the hypothesis tested by Coffey and colleagues, that spines on pine cones impede seed predation by crossbills: Alter the bills of several crossbills to remove their cone-opening advantage, then measure the time required for birds to eat a certain number of seeds from cones with spines. Then compare the average time to that from birds with unaltered bills. Is this experiment an appropriate test of the hypothesis, and why (or why not)? Yes, because this experiment could help explain why crossbills evolved uniquely shaped beaks. No, because the dependent variable (time to eat seeds) does not relate to the hypothesis. No, because the experiment, as described, does not include an appropriate control group. No, because the independent variable (bird bill shape) does not relate to the hypothesis. The drastic decrease in populations of honeybees, and specifically the sudden disappearance of most bees from entire hives (called Colony Collapse Disorder or CCD) has caused great concern among many farmers because bees are important crop pollinators. Many causes have been proposed for CCD, including pathogens (disease-causing microbes) and pesticides, but as yet biologists haven't agreed on a single cause. One hypothesis is that the electromagnetic field (EMF) produced by man-made structures like power lines and cellphone towers disrupt bee behavior and cause them to abandon their hives. Q1.13. Suppose you want to set up an experiment to test the hypothesis that electromagnetic fields cause CCD, and you have 6 hives to work with. Which of these is the best experimental setup? (Describe how you would set up the experiment and what variables you would have to control.)

Q1.12. Consider this alternative experiment intended to test the hypothesis tested by Coffey and colleagues, that spines on pine cones impede seed predation by crossbills: Alter the bills of several crossbills to remove their cone-opening advantage, then measure the time required for birds to eat a certain number of seeds from cones with spines. Then compare the average time to that from birds with unaltered bills.

Is this experiment an appropriate test of the hypothesis, and why (or why not)?
Yes, because this experiment could help explain why crossbills evolved uniquely shaped beaks.
No, because the dependent variable (time to eat seeds) does not relate to the hypothesis.
No, because the experiment, as described, does not include an appropriate control group.
No, because the independent variable (bird bill shape) does not relate to the hypothesis.

The drastic decrease in populations of honeybees, and specifically the sudden disappearance of most bees from entire hives (called Colony Collapse Disorder or CCD) has caused great concern among many farmers because bees are important crop pollinators. Many causes have been proposed for CCD, including pathogens (disease-causing microbes) and pesticides, but as yet biologists haven't agreed on a single cause. One hypothesis is that the electromagnetic field (EMF) produced by man-made structures like power lines and cellphone towers disrupt bee behavior and cause them to abandon their hives.

Q1.13. Suppose you want to set up an experiment to test the hypothesis that electromagnetic fields cause CCD, and you have 6 hives to work with. Which of these is the best experimental setup? (Describe how you would set up the experiment and what variables you would have to control.)

q112 consider this alternative exporiment intonded t0 cones test the impede socd hypothesis tested by coffoy and predalion by crossbills alter the bills of sovoral colleagues that spincs on 06818

Added by Tonya A.

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