Case Study #3 - A 5 year old child with sudden onset fever, petechiae and purpura (black and blue marks) on the skin (a rash), malaise, and stiff neck. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains gram-negative diplococci. One diagnosis for this disease is to remove a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...a procedure called a [answer].
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Case Study #3 - A 21 year old college student develops severe malaise, fatigue, fever, swollen glands, and pharyngitis. After treatment with ampicillin, a rash appears. Atypical lymphocytes are present in blood smear and heterophile antibody in serum. 1. This student has what disease? 2. How is this disease transmitted? 3. Is there a treatment for this? If so, what is it?
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A 7-year-old boy has a 2-day history of severe headache, nausea, fever, and photophobia. He appears lethargic and ill. His temperature is 40°C, and he has some nuchal rigidity. The most likely diagnosis in this case is bacterial meningitis. In order to find the causative agent, a lumbar puncture is requested by the physician. Laboratory analysis confirms bacterial growth in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Appropriate antibiotic therapy is administered, and the patient recovers without any complications. Explain the structures, site of production, and pattern of circulation of CSF throughout the brain.
You are doing a rotation in the hospital's clinical laboratory. A sample of cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a suspected meningitis case arrives, and you are told to Gram stain it and then plate it on blood agar and chocolate agar (look it up). In the Gram stain, you find gram-negative rods of varying size and shape. You also find a lot of bacteria inside phagocytic cells. They are not diplococci. Colonies grow on both of the plates you inoculated. Later, the charge nurse tells you that the patient, a 3-year-old girl, has not received any childhood vaccinations. 1. What is the most likely causative organism? WHY? 2. Why was the child's unvaccinated status helpful in diagnosis? 3. What is causing the cloudiness in the CSF? 4. What other types of infections can this organism cause in children?
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