Question 25 A drug that blocks $Ca^{++}$ is used in an experiment in neurophysiology. Which of the following will be inhibited? (A) Action Potential (B) Resting potential (C) Exocytosis in synaptic transmission (D) Hyperpolarization 2.5 Points
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A drug that does which of the following could generate IPSPs and therefore interfere with normal neuronal communication in the adult brain? a. increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to Na+ b. decreases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to Cl- c. blocks all voltage-gated ion channels. d. blocks voltage-gated ion channels that allow the flow of negatively charged ions e. increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to K+ 2. Action Potentials do not travel towards the soma of the neuron but only down the axon (towards axon terminals). Which of the following explains this phenomenon? a. myelin is found only on axons, not the soma b. the entire neuron is not negative inside, the neuron is at -70mV only along the axon c. soma of neurons typically receive IPSPs, while the axons typically receive EPSPs d. ligand-gated ion channels are only found at the axon hillock and Nodes of Ranvier e. voltage-gated Na+ channels are largely not found on the membrane of the soma 3. Colorful marine snails called cone snails produce venom that can kill a human in as little as 4 minutes. The venom contains a chemical that blocks Ca2+ channels operated by changes to the membrane potential. This chemical shuts down neuronal communication by: a. preventing neurotransmitters from being produced b. forgetting some glutamate receptors from working properly c. preventing the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse d. preventing voltage-gated Na+ channels from opening e. causing neurons to experience IPSPs, thus resulting in hyperpolarization of the neuron 4. At an excitatory synapse that uses glutamate as the neurotransmitter and ionotropic glutamate receptors, which of the following ion(s) is(are) transported through both ligand and voltage-gated ion channels? a. Cl- b. Na+ c. Ca2+ d. glutamate e. both "b" and "c" are correct
Jorge V.
You have three experimental drugs, each with a different effect that you might influence neuronal functioning and synaptic communication. To test these, you apply each compound to a dish containing a neuron whose soma is regularly stimulated by a depolarizing electrode, which periodically results in an action potential and the release of neurotransmitter from the neuron's terminals. For each of the following drugs, describe how the resting potential, the triggering of an action potential, the propagation of the action potential down the axon, and the release of neurotransmitter from the terminal button would be affected. Be sure to explain why each of those processes may or may not be affected by that compound. Drug A - Blocks voltage-gated K+ channels. Drug B - Blocks all Ca++ channels. Drug C - Disables the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)
Adi S.
3. An unknown organism has been discovered. It contains cells with excitable membranes that scientists suspect are used for rapid information transfer. The membrane of the cell at rest is permeable only to anion X-. Active transport pumps in the membrane move X- into the cell while simultaneously moving equal numbers of Y- out of the cell. When neurotransmitter Z is released into the extracellular fluid in contact with a portion of the cell membrane, ligand-gated channels open that allow twice as many X- ions as Y- ions through the membrane. Which one of the following is incorrect? Select one: a. An IPSP will occur. b. Y- will diffuse into the cell. c. X- will diffuse out of the cell. d. The membrane will depolarize. e. The channels are chemically gated. 5. Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____. Select one: a. synaptic terminals b. the cell body c. the synaptic cleft d. myelin e. dendrites 7. Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory would not be expected to: Select one: a. bind to receptors. b. open K+ channels. c. open Na+ channels. d. open Cl- channels. e. hyperpolarize the membrane.
Suman K.
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