QUESTION 3 [8] The image below illustrates an experimental arena setup used in a recent paper to study learning in sharks. The setup was used to study the behavioural responses of sharks to the scent of prey animals in the absence of any food rewards. SCROLL DOWN ZOL3701/2025/ASSESSMENT 5 30 cm Stimulus container Starting compartment Water inflow Camera Water outflow 50 cm 150 cm 180 cm a) In the context of animal learning, what type of experience is depicted in the figure above? (2) b) Briefly describe two alternative types of experiences that are commonly used to study learning in animals. (6)
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Part a) asks to identify the type of experience. The description states: "The setup was used to study the behavioural responses of sharks to the scent of prey animals in the absence of any food rewards." This indicates that the sharks are exposed to a stimulus Show more…
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Dr. Anderson, a behavioral psychologist, conducts an experiment using a Skinner box to study operant conditioning. He places a rat inside the box, equipped with a lever and a food dispenser. The experiment aims to examine how the rat's behavior is influenced by the consequences it experiences when interacting with the lever. Discussion Questions: Describe the principles of operant conditioning and the key elements involved, such as reinforcement and punishment. Analyze the role of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment in shaping the rat's behavior in the Skinner box experiment. Discuss how these principles explain the rat's learning and behavioral changes over time. Explore the concept of schedules of reinforcement and their effects on behavior. Discuss the ethical considerations associated with using operant conditioning in research or practical applications. Analyze the potential ethical issues that may arise in the Skinner box experiment, such as animal welfare concerns and the balance between scientific knowledge and ethical responsibility.
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