What was a common view of naturalists before the 1700s? Species periodically go extinct and are replenish by special creation. The action of living things is not based on physical laws. Species evolve to become more and more like humans. Changes occur on the outside of species, but their internal structures are unchanging.
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Naturalists continually refer to external conditions, such as climate, food, etc., as the only possible cause of variation. In one very limited sense, as we shall hereafter see, this may be true; but it is preposterous to attribute to mere external conditions, the structure, for instance, of the woodpecker, with its feet, tail, beak, and tongue, so admirably adapted to catch insects under the bark of trees. Consider Darwin's example of the woodpecker. Explain the role of natural selection in producing a bird species with a woodpeckerlike beak.
What idea of Darwin's, based on fossils and the modern organisms he found, basically says that genetic changes are inherited by later generations?
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Which best describes the prevailing view about the age of Earth and evolution before Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle? A. Earth and life are recent and have remained unchanged. B. Species evolved rapidly during the first six thousand to a few hundred thousand years. C. Earth is billions of years old, but species have not evolved. D. Species have evolved on Earth for billions of years.
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