Question: For each of the following statements, indicate whether the statement is true or false. Please explain your answer in detail. Simply saying 'true" or "false" or paraphrasing the question will be an insufficient answer.
Macrophages differentiate from thymic precursors through signaling stemming from cortical thymocytes and express TCRs like other T lymphocytes.
The hallmarks of a localized inflammatory response are caused by vasoconstriction resulting in a decrease of blood volume in the affected area to prevent excessive blood loss.
Acute phase proteins that function as soluble PRRs are capable of binding to the membranes of certain microorganisms and activating the complement system.
Cytokines commonly have the ability to exert many different types of responses, often on different cell types called cytokine redundancy although many different cytokines can induce similar signals, a trait known as pleiotropic properties.
The elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate is due to a decrease in plasma viscosity and can also be due to low concentration of acute phase proteins and is used as an indicator of specific inflammation.
Serum IgM cannot activate complement prior to antigen binding.
Cytokines can only act on target cells that express receptors for that cytokine. Several cytokines use multichain receptors to mediate their effects on target cells and some of these receptors share at least one common receptor molecule called the common Ī³ chain and are used by receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and TNF cytokines.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified as being the most potent producers of interferon-Ī³ (a type II Interferon) and appear after the induction of adaptive immune responses.
Chemokines are a family of closely related, low-molecular-weight chemotactic cytokines with conserved sequences that function as powerful attractors for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
Cytokines induce differentiation of TH1 and TH2 Cell Lineages.