DNA damage can occur as a result of exposure to chemicals or ultraviolet radiation. What happens during nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA? Enzymes cut out the damaged gene, copy the same gene from the homologous chromosome, and insert the copy. Enzymes unwind the DNA, cut out a section on one strand that contains the DNA damage, and resynthesize the section with the correct DNA sequence. Enzymes delete an incorrect DNA sequence, pull the gap closed, and join the bases on either side of the gap together. Enzymes identify a mismatched base in a DNA strand, remove the incorrect base, and insert the correct base.
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Sri K.
DNA damage can be caused by environmental factors, like UV radiation, or can occur spontaneously. Fortunately, the cell has many mechanisms to repair such damage. One type of DNA damage involves the formation of thymine dimers, which results in ___. a nucleotide missing the C or T base a nucleotide missing the A or G base covalent linkages between bases a guanine
Madhur L.
DNA damage interferes with DNA replication. X-rays can generate hydroxyl radicals that are very reactive and can make a nick in one or both strands. UV light creates dimers between adjacent thymines in the same DNA strand: Thymine dimers interfere with DNA polymerase's ability to copy the DNA. If not repaired, these mutations can have serious consequences when the replication fork encounters either a nick or a thymine dimer in the leading and lagging strands. Refer to the figure to the right.
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