Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by a mutation in the gene that produces hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells. The HbA allele produces normal hemoglobin and the HbS allele produces hemoglobin that sticks together and causes red blood cells to sickle. Heterozygous individuals (HbAHbS) produce both normal and "sickle" hemoglobin so the HbA and HbS alleles are codominant. Heterozygotes do not develop sickle cell anemia and are described as having the sickle cell trait. Individuals that are homozygous for the sickle allele (HbSHbS) only produce "sickle" hemoglobin and develop sickle cell disease.A man who is homozygous for the normal allele married a woman with the sickle cell trait. What is the expected probability of this couple having a boy with the sickle cell trait? Record your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.Answer
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The man is homozygous for the normal allele, so his genotype is HbAHbA. The woman has the sickle cell trait, so her genotype is HbAHbS. Show more…
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Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease that occurs primarily in blacks. In the United States, about 15 of every 10,000 black children have sickle cell anemia. The red blood cells of an affected person are abnormal; the result is severe chronic anemia (inability to carry the required amount of oxygen), which causes headaches, shortness of breath, jaundice, increased risk of pneumococcal pneumonia and gallstones, and other severe problems. Sickle cell anemia occurs in children who inherit an abnormal type of hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S, from both parents. If hemoglobin S is inherited from only one parent, the person is said to have sickle cell trait and is generally free from symptoms. There is a $50 \%$ chance that a person who has sickle cell trait will pass hemoglobin $\mathrm{S}$ to an offspring. a. Obtain the probability that a child of two people who have sickle cell trait will have sickle cell anemia. b. If two people who have sickle cell trait have five children, determine the probability that at least one of the children will have sickle cell anemia. c. If two people who have sickle cell trait have five children, find the probability distribution of the number of those children who will have sickle cell anemia. d. Construct a probability histogram for the probability distribution in part (c). e. If two people who have sickle cell trait have five children, how many can they expect will have sickle cell anemia?
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The Binomial Distribution
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which red blood cells become distorted and deprived of oxygen. A person with two sickle cell genes will have the disease, but a person with only one sickle cell gene will have a mild, non-fatal anemia called sickle cell trait. Using S to represent a healthy gene, and S the sickle cell gene the table shows the four possibilties for the children of two Ss parents. Find the proabaility that these parents give birth to a child who is healthy. That is the child does not have the diease or trait.
Danielle F.
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