19. The menstrual cycle depends on events within the female ovary. The stages of the menstrual cycle are listed below. For each, note its approximate time span and the related events in the uterus, and then to the right, record the ovarian events occurring simultaneously. Pay particular attention to hormonal events. Menstrual cycle stage Menstruation Days 1-5 Uterine events Ovarian events Proliferative Days 6-14 Secretory Days 15-28 20. Endometriosis occurs when fragments of endometrial tissue undergo retrograde (moving backward) menstruation, resulting in displaced tissue that often attaches to the peritoneum of the pelvic cavity. These fragments respond to hormonal changes, resulting in bouts of severe pain even after menstruation has ended. Explain how the female anatomy contributes to the ability of this tissue to relocate and attach to the peritoneum, 21. Natural family planning, or fertility awareness, is a method that can be used to achieve or prevent pregnancy. It is based on the ability to predict ovulation. Measuring which hormone would be the best predictor for ovulation, and why?
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The female reproductive system consists of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum, which is the lining of the pelvic cavity. During menstruation, the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, sheds and is expelled through the cervix and Show more…
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with the corpus luteum. 11. The three phases of the ovarian cycle are ________, ________, and ________ 12. The endometrium should be measured on the ________ image, to include the anterior and posterior portions of the ________ endometrium. 13. When menstrual bleeding stops, the ________ phase begins. 14. Ultrasound imaging during the secretory phase demonstrates a uniformly ________ endometrium. Short answer 15. What are the expected endometrial measurements of a uterus in the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase? (5 points) 16. Name a structure that releases progesterone during pregnancy. Explain the function of progesterone during pregnancy. (5 points) Case study 17. This 68-year-old postmenopausal woman is complaining of bloody vaginal discharge and mild pelvic pain. What is going on with the endometrium? What is the measurement of the endometrium? Are they measuring the endometrium correctly. (10 points)
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11. The phases of both the ovarian and uterine cycles work in unison. Complete the following table to identify and compare the phases of the ovarian and uterine cycles. (4 marks) Days Ovarian Cycle Phase Uterine Cycle Phase 1-5 6-13 14 15-28 12. What 2 pituitary reproductive hormones are present in both males and females? (1 mark) What are their primary functions in males? (2 marks) What are their primary functions in females? (2 marks)
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