Since the human genome was first published in 2001, scientists have quickly improved genetic sequencing, generating genetic and genomic data for hundreds of organisms. As data collection improves, the ability to collect and process whole genome sequences is becoming cheaper and easier. The prospect of sequencing entire genomes of many different species brings up many ethical questions related to both social issues and political policies. From the list below, select the statements related to the use of genetic information that are not potential social or ethical issues in the United States. Approved genetic screening methods are used to detect rare disease alleles in afflicted individuals. Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are used to include B. thuringiensis proteins to promote insect resistance in maize. Genomic sequence data is collected for medical research without participant consent. Databases are created using genetic sequence data collected at crime scenes. Participants willingly donate their DNA for specific research purposes.
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Approved genetic screening methods are used to detect rare disease alleles in afflicted individuals - This is not a potential social or ethical issue, as it is an approved method for detecting diseases. Show more…
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1) The results of the Human Genome Project showed us that a. only about 1.5% of our genome are protein-coding regions. b. humans have the largest animal genome. c. we are more evolved than chimpanzees. 2) A paleontologist has recovered a tiny bit of organic material from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct wooly mammoth. She would like to compare DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds. Which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of DNA available for testing? a. Gel electrophoresis b. Gene therapy c. STR analysis d. Polymerase chain reaction 3) GMOs raise public concerns because (check all that apply): a. there is a monopoly of GMO seeds by a few large companies. b. there has been research showing that ingesting a lot of GMO crops can cause cancer. c. more research can be done to show the benefits of GMOs compared to natural or synthetic alternatives. d. it is unclear how the genes in GMOs interact with closely related wild plant populations.
Marlyn J.
Human Genome Project In 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many pieces of research and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identification of 1,800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.
Jennifer S.
Gene duplication is known to play an important role in the evolution of novel protein functions. Two models, subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization, invoke the accumulation of mutations that would have been off limits prior to duplication. What is the difference between these models? Both models result in two new gene copies that have new functions, but subfunctionalization is a process controlled by random genetic drift, while neofunctionalization requires natural selection. Subfunctionalization is a process by which a phenotype originally produced in response to an environmental condition, becomes genetically encoded by natural selection by the new copy of a gene, while neofunctionalization is when a gene copy mutates to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. Subfunctionalization is a division of labor between two new gene copies by retaining different parts of their original ancestral function, while neofunctionalization is when one of the gene copies must mutate to develop a function that was not present in the ancestral gene. In both models, new gene copies acquire new functions, but only in neofunctionalization is this change an advantage to the fitness of the organism. Subfunctionalization is "suboptimal" to the fitness of the organism. Question 8 3 pts Which statement BEST describes the role and importance of mobile genetic elements in genomes? Larger genomes tend to have a lower proportion of their genome encoding mobile genetic elements. Larger genomes tend to have a larger proportion of their genome encoding mobile genetic elements. Larger genomes tend to have a larger proportion of their genome encoding mobile genetic elements, which are sequences of plant or animal origin. There is no relationship between genome size and the proportion of their genome encoding mobile genetic elements. Mobile genetic elements are not genomic parasites but sequences of plant or animal origin that simply jump around in location.
Adi S.
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