A population of finches eats seeds that vary in size from small to large, as do their beaks. One day another finch species moves in, and competes with the native finches for access to large seeds. There are three conditions that need to be satisfied in order for populations to evolve as a result of natural selection. State these three conditions, and apply each to the evolution of beak size. What is the agent of selection?
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Finches found on the isolated Galapagos Island are different species with varying beak sizes and shapes, but are otherwise similar to a finch species found on the South American mainland. What might be the cause of the differences in the development of the beaks of these Galapagos finches?
Adi S.
The Galápagos Islands are volcanic islands formed more than a million years ago. The finches that inhabit the islands differ from those living on the mainland. The island finches vary from island to island, but aside from beak shape, these birds look almost identical. Finches are the only diverse group of land birds found on the islands. Each species of finch has a different beak shape. Some have woodpecker-like beaks and feed on insects beneath the bark of trees, and some have beaks similar to sparrows' beaks and eat small seeds. The finches are all nonmigratory and have a very short flying range. The nearest mainland is South America, which is located about 600 miles east of the islands. Refer to the information above. Finch fossils from lower areas of the islands could be more alike than the present finches on these islands. Agrees with evolution theory, but there is no evidence to support it. Refer to the information above. The gene pool of the parrot-finch species is different from the gene pool of the woodpecker-finch species. The statement Refer to the information above. The finches have become less diversified over the years because they participate in nonrandom mating. The statement
Sri K.
Select one: a. finches with larger beak sizes were better adapted to able to obtain food more easily, producing a greater proportion of offspring with longer beaks. b. the drought is causing the number of finches to decrease. c. finches with smaller beak sizes were better adapted to able to obtain food more easily, producing a larger proportion of offspring with smaller beaks. d. a mutation is causing finches to grow larger beaks.
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