Question

Smoking and COPD. It is well established that long-term cigarette smoking is associated with the activation of a cascade of inflammatory responses in the lungs that lead to tissue injury and dysfunction. This is manifested clinically as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is believed that smoking causes approx. 80 to 90% of COPD cases. Nine life-long nonsmoking healthy volunteers (5 men and 4 women; mean age 22.0 ± 1.9 years [±SD]) and 11 healthy volunteers (5 men and 6 women; mean age 23.4 ± 0.9 years) with a 2.0 ± 1.2 pack-year cigarette smoking his- tory were recruited from students attending the University of Illinois at Chicago. No participants had a history of chronic respiratory tract disor- ders, including asthma and COPD, and denied symptoms of acute respira- tory illness within 4 weeks preceding the study. The study by Garey et al. (2004) have found various summaries involv- ing proteins, nitrite, and other inflammatory cascade signatures in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Average nitrite concentration in EBC of non- smokers was found to be ?X? = 16156 (nmol/L) and the sample standard deviation was s? = 7029 (nmol/L). For smokers the mean nitrite concentra- tion was ?X? = 24672 (nmol/L) with sample standard deviation s? = 7534 (nmol/L). Assuming that the population variances are the same, test the hypothesis that the nitrite concentration in EBC for smokers and nonsmokers are the same versus the one-sided alternative. Use ? = 5%.

          Smoking and COPD. It is well established that long-term cigarette
smoking is associated with the activation of a cascade of inflammatory
responses in the lungs that lead to tissue injury and dysfunction. This is
manifested clinically as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It
is believed that smoking causes approx. 80 to 90% of COPD cases.
Nine life-long nonsmoking healthy volunteers (5 men and 4 women; mean
age 22.0 ± 1.9 years [±SD]) and 11 healthy volunteers (5 men and 6 women;
mean age 23.4 ± 0.9 years) with a 2.0 ± 1.2 pack-year cigarette smoking his-
tory were recruited from students attending the University of Illinois at
Chicago. No participants had a history of chronic respiratory tract disor-
ders, including asthma and COPD, and denied symptoms of acute respira-
tory illness within 4 weeks preceding the study.
The study by Garey et al. (2004) have found various summaries involv-
ing proteins, nitrite, and other inflammatory cascade signatures in exhaled
breath condensate (EBC). Average nitrite concentration in EBC of non-
smokers was found to be ?X? = 16156 (nmol/L) and the sample standard
deviation was s? = 7029 (nmol/L). For smokers the mean nitrite concentra-
tion was ?X? = 24672 (nmol/L) with sample standard deviation s? = 7534
(nmol/L).
Assuming that the population variances are the same, test the hypothesis
that the nitrite concentration in EBC for smokers and nonsmokers are the
same versus the one-sided alternative. Use ? = 5%.

Smoking and COPD. It is well established that long-term cigarette
smoking is associated with the activation of a cascade of inflammatory
responses in the lungs that lead to tissue injury and dysfunction. This is
manifested clinically as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It
is believed that smoking causes approx. 80 to 90% of COPD cases.
Nine life-long nonsmoking healthy volunteers (5 men and 4 women; mean
age 22.0 ± 1.9 years [±SD]) and 11 healthy volunteers (5 men and 6 women;
mean age 23.4 ± 0.9 years) with a 2.0 ± 1.2 pack-year cigarette smoking his-
tory were recruited from students attending the University of Illinois at
Chicago. No participants had a history of chronic respiratory tract disor-
ders, including asthma and COPD, and denied symptoms of acute respira-
tory illness within 4 weeks preceding the study.
The study by Garey et al. (2004) have found various summaries involv-
ing proteins, nitrite, and other inflammatory cascade signatures in exhaled
breath condensate (EBC). Average nitrite concentration in EBC of non-
smokers was found to be ?X? = 16156 (nmol/L) and the sample standard
deviation was s? = 7029 (nmol/L). For smokers the mean nitrite concentra-
tion was ?X? = 24672 (nmol/L) with sample standard deviation s? = 7534
(nmol/L).
Assuming that the population variances are the same, test the hypothesis
that the nitrite concentration in EBC for smokers and nonsmokers are the
same versus the one-sided alternative. Use ? = 5%.

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