Question

Stephenie Gutierrez Phagocytosis (1:20 min) 1. What is unique about phagocytes? How? They are Attracted to the carea a 2. What is a phagosome? Micro organism ingalved into vacule 3. What organelle fuse with the phagosome? For what purpose? End stage? Vesicles releasing digestive Enzymes, the digestive How Glycolysis Works (1:42 min) 1. How do cells produce energy? from oxidation of nutrients 2. What is the energy currency of the cell? ATP 3. How is energy used to start glycolysis? Addition of 2 phosphates to glucose 4. What two three carbon molecules are formed from glucose? of 2 molecules of 6 carbon sugar 5. What are the byproducts produced? NADH, ADP, ATP 6. What happens to the pyruvate if there is no oxygen? Pyruvate is further oxidized 7. What happens to the pyruvate if oxygen is availabler? It's converted into lactic acid Krebs Cycle (5 min) 1. What is the products of the Krebs cycle? 2. Where is the Krebs cycle located? 3. What is the first step? 4. What is the products of one cycle of the Krebs cycel (one pyruvate makes)? 5. Where will the NADH and FADH go and for what purpose? Mitochondria (10 min) 1. What is the simplest assigned function for a mitochondria? 2. Do all cells have the same number of cells? Give examples? 3. What is the significance of the endosymbiosis theory? 4. Who do we get all of our mitochondria from? How Mitochondria Make ATP (1:42 min) 1. What are the two membranes of the mitochondria? 2. What do we call the core of the mitochondria? 3. What do we call the region between the two membranes? 4. What occurs on the inner membrane? 5. What happens to the H of NADH? Creates what? 6. How do the H return to the matrix? Producing what? Electron Transport Chain (4:52 min) 1. What is the electron transport chain and where is it located? 2. What is passed from one protein to another? 3. What happens to the reduced NADH when it binds to the first protein of the electron 4. How is the ATP made? 5. How do we get rid of the protons and electrons passed down ETC? 

          Stephenie Gutierrez
Phagocytosis (1:20 min)
1. What is unique about phagocytes? How? They are Attracted to the carea a
2. What is a phagosome? Micro organism ingalved into vacule
3. What organelle fuse with the phagosome? For what purpose? End stage?
Vesicles releasing digestive Enzymes, the digestive
How Glycolysis Works (1:42 min)
1. How do cells produce energy? from oxidation of nutrients
2. What is the energy currency of the cell? ATP
3. How is energy used to start glycolysis? Addition of 2 phosphates to glucose
4. What two three carbon molecules are formed from glucose? of 2 molecules of 6 carbon sugar
5. What are the byproducts produced? NADH, ADP, ATP
6. What happens to the pyruvate if there is no oxygen? Pyruvate is further oxidized
7. What happens to the pyruvate if oxygen is availabler? It's converted into lactic acid
Krebs Cycle (5 min)
1. What is the products of the Krebs cycle?
2. Where is the Krebs cycle located?
3. What is the first step?
4. What is the products of one cycle of the Krebs cycel (one pyruvate makes)?
5. Where will the NADH and FADH go and for what purpose?
Mitochondria (10 min)
1. What is the simplest assigned function for a mitochondria?
2. Do all cells have the same number of cells? Give examples?
3. What is the significance of the endosymbiosis theory?
4. Who do we get all of our mitochondria from?
How Mitochondria Make ATP (1:42 min)
1. What are the two membranes of the mitochondria?
2. What do we call the core of the mitochondria?
3. What do we call the region between the two membranes?
4. What occurs on the inner membrane?
5. What happens to the H of NADH? Creates what?
6. How do the H return to the matrix? Producing what?
Electron Transport Chain (4:52 min)
1. What is the electron transport chain and where is it located?
2. What is passed from one protein to another?
3. What happens to the reduced NADH when it binds to the first protein of the electron
4. How is the ATP made?
5. How do we get rid of the protons and electrons passed down ETC?
Show moreā€¦
Stephenie Gutierrez Phagocytosis (1:20 min) 1. What is unique about phagocytes? How? They are Attracted to the carea a 2. What is a phagosome? Micro organism ingalved into vacule 3. What organelle fuse with the phagosome? For what purpose? End stage? Vesicles releasing digestive Enzymes, the digestive How Glycolysis Works (1:42 min) 1. How do cells produce energy? from oxidation of nutrients 2. What is the energy currency of the cell? ATP 3. How is energy used to start glycolysis? Addition of 2 phosphates to glucose 4. What two three carbon molecules are formed from glucose? of 2 molecules of 6 carbon sugar 5. What are the byproducts produced? NADH, ADP, ATP 6. What happens to the pyruvate if there is no oxygen? Pyruvate is further oxidized 7. What happens to the pyruvate if oxygen is availabler? It's converted into lactic acid Krebs Cycle (5 min) 1. What is the products of the Krebs cycle? 2. Where is the Krebs cycle located? 3. What is the first step? 4. What is the products of one cycle of the Krebs cycel (one pyruvate makes)? 5. Where will the NADH and FADH go and for what purpose? Mitochondria (10 min) 1. What is the simplest assigned function for a mitochondria? 2. Do all cells have the same number of cells? Give examples? 3. What is the significance of the endosymbiosis theory? 4. Who do we get all of our mitochondria from? How Mitochondria Make ATP (1:42 min) 1. What are the two membranes of the mitochondria? 2. What do we call the core of the mitochondria? 3. What do we call the region between the two membranes? 4. What occurs on the inner membrane? 5. What happens to the H of NADH? Creates what? 6. How do the H return to the matrix? Producing what? Electron Transport Chain (4:52 min) 1. What is the electron transport chain and where is it located? 2. What is passed from one protein to another? 3. What happens to the reduced NADH when it binds to the first protein of the electron 4. How is the ATP made? 5. How do we get rid of the protons and electrons passed down ETC?

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Biology for AP Courses
Biology for AP Courses
Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht
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Stephenie Gutierrez Phagocytosis (1:20 min) What is unique about phagocytes? How are they attracted to the area? What is a phagosome? Microorganism engulfed into vacuole What organelle fuses with the phagosome? For what purpose? End stage? Vesicles releasing phagosome? For what purpose? End stage? Phagosomes are digestive enzymes, the digestive How Glycolysis Works (1:42 min) How do cells produce energy? From oxidation of nutrients What is the energy currency of the cell? ATP How is energy used to start glycolysis? Adoithon If 2 phosphates to glucose What two three-carbon molecules are formed from glucose? 2 molecules of pyruvate What are the byproducts produced? NADH, NAPH, ADP, ATP, sugar What happens to the pyruvate if there is no oxygen? Pyruvate is fermented What happens to the pyruvate if oxygen is available? It's converted into lactate Krebs Cycle (5 min) What are the products of the Krebs cycle? Where is the Krebs cycle located? What is the first step? What are the products of one cycle of the Krebs cycle (one pyruvate makes)? Where will the NADH and FADH go and for what purpose? Mitochondria (10 min) What is the simplest assigned function for a mitochondria? Do all cells have the same number of cells? Give examples? What is the significance of the endosymbiosis theory? Who do we get all of our mitochondria from? How Mitochondria Make ATP (1:42 min) What are the two membranes of the mitochondria? What do we call the core of the mitochondria? What do we call the region between the two membranes? What occurs on the inner membrane? What happens to the H of NADH? Creates what? How do the H return to the matrix? Producing what? Electron Transport Chain (4:52 min) What is the electron transport chain and where is it located? What is passed from one protein to another? What happens to the reduced NADH when it binds to the first protein of the electron How is the ATP made? How do we get rid of the protons and electrons passed down ETC?
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1-the-f1-subunit-of-the-atp-synthase-transports-protons-across-the-membrane-b-interacts-directly-with-and-is-inhibited-by-oligomycin-c-is-a-cytosolic-enzyme-8-br-binds-pi-adp-and-atp-reduced-21914

1) The F1 subunit of the ATP synthase A) transports protons across the membrane B) interacts directly with and is inhibited by Oligomycin A C) is a cytosolic enzyme D) binds Pi, ADP and ATP E) is reduced by electrons as they reach the end of the respiratory chain 2) In the electron transport chain an inhibitor of complex II would A) shut down the electron transport chain B) stop the consumption of NADH by the electron transport chain C) still allow consumption of NADH by the electron transport chain D) reduce the accumulation of succinate E) C and D 3) Fo domain (subunit) of ATP synthase: A) binds directly to ADP and Pi B) functions as a highly controlled proton channel C) binds directly to ATP D) has ATPase activity in vitro E) is exclusive to the matrix surface side of the inner membrane 4) Which metabolic reaction is involved with carrying electrons from the cytosol to the matrix: A) oxidation of cytochrome c by complex IV B) malate-aspartate shuttle C) oxidation of QH2 by complex III D) oxidation of succinate to fumarate E) oxidation of Cytochrome c 5) The following metabolite: A) can only exist in a single redox state B) is ubiquitous in the universe C) is an isoprenoid, present in membranes & carries e- D) the dominant methyl donor in plants E) in conjunction with bile salts aids the solubilization of dietary TAGs 6) In the electron transport chain an inhibitor of complex II would: A) shut down the electron transport chain B) stop the consumption of NADH by the electron transport chain C) still allow consumption of NADH by the electron transport chain D) dramatically increase fumarate production E) prevent all ATP production by ATP synthase 7) In the electron transport chain: A) NADH molecules are oxidized to NAD+ B) O2 serves as the final electron acceptor C) ADP is ultimately phosphorylated D) electrons move through the inner membrane of the mitochondria E) all of the above

Sri K.
ia-explain-how-the-proton-gradient-is-formed-in-mitochondria-be-sure-to-address-where-the-energy-orginates-from-and-how-the-energy-is-transfered-ib-how-is-the-energy-in-the-form-of-a-proton-63876

1a. Explain how the proton gradient is formed in mitochondria. Be sure to address where the "energy" originates from and how the "energy" is transferred. 1b. How is the "energy" in the form of a proton gradient converted to ATP? Please provide some detail on the molecular mechanism. 2. For what reaction in the process of oxidizing glucose is O2 actually used? 3a. In the absence of O2, what happens to the process of electron transport? Explain. 3b. In the absence of O2, what happens to the oxidation/reduction state of the proteins in the electron transport chain? 3c. What would happen to these proteins if O2 was very rapidly reintroduced to the system? 4. What is the biochemical reason that cells use fermentation (discussed in Ch13) to continue metabolism in the absence of oxygen? Why can't cells simply continue with glycolysis and dump pyruvate as a waste product? 5a. The "high-energy" electron transport molecule FADH2 is produced by the citric acid cycle enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (see Panel 13-2). The redox potential of FADH2 (a proxy for how much energy this molecule carries) is -220 mV. Examine figure 14-24 on pg 467. FADH2 is too low in energy to transfer its electrons to the NADH dehydrogenase complex. Propose an alternative pathway for FADH2 to enter the electron transport chain.

Sri K.
question-1-in-a-eukaryotic-cell-most-of-the-enzymes-of-the-citric-acid-cycle-are-located-in-the-a-mitochondrial-matrix-b-inner-mitochondrial-membrane-c-intermembrane-space-d-cytosol-question-49558

Question 1: In a eukaryotic cell, most of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the: A. mitochondrial matrix. B. inner mitochondrial membrane. C. intermembrane space. D. cytosol. Question 2: Which enzymatic activity in citric acid cycle would be decreased by thiamine deficiency? A. isocitrate dehydrogenase. B. malate dehydrogenase. C. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. D. fumarase. Question 3: The reduced coenzymes of the TCA cycle, such as FADH2 and NADH, must pass their electrons into the electron transport chain to produce ATP, but one step of the TCA cycle yields a compound with high transfer potential that can provide energy for phosphorylation of ADP at the substrate level. What is this high-energy compound? A. Citric acid. B. Fumaric acid. C. Succinyl CoA. D. Malic Acid. Question 4: Clare Booth Luce, United States ambassador to the Vatican, was once poisoned by exposure to fumes from her wallpaper. The wallpaper in her villa was colored with a beautiful green pigment containing mercury. Apparently, her bedroom was located below the laundry, and vibration from the machines released dust containing mercury. Chief among the problems caused by mercury exposure is the fact that mercury attaches to sulfhydryl groups such as those of lipoic acid. Which of the following enzymes would be blocked by mercury? I. Pyruvate dehydrogenase II. Citrate synthase III. ƎĀ±-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase IV. Isocitrate dehydrogenase A. I and II. B. I and III. C. I and IV. D. II and IV. Question 5: A three-day-old male infant has poor feeding and decreased metabolism. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid, elevations of succinate, and decreased levels of fumarate. You suspect he MOST likely has a deficiency of: A. citrate synthase. B. aconitase. C. fumarase. D. succinate dehydrogenase. Question 6: Which of the following electron transport complexes acquires electrons from NADH? A. Complex I. B. Complex II. C. Complex III. D. Complex IV. Question 7: In eukaryotic cells, the NADH-Q oxidoreductase is the first complex in the electron transport chain and is found in which part of the mitochondria? A. Outer mitochondrial membrane. B. Intermembrane space. C. Inner mitochondrial membrane. D. Cytosol. Question 8: Which electron transport complex is also directly involved in citric acid cycle? A. Complex I. B. Complex II. C. Complex III. D. Complex IV. Question 9: Which of the following electron transport complexes does not DIRECTLY contribute to the actual proton-motive force? A. Complex I. B. Complex II. C. Complex III. D. Complex IV. Question 10: As electrons move within the components of the electron transport chain, each redox center is: A. Oxidized by the preceding molecules and reduced by the following molecule. B. Reduced by the preceding molecule and oxidized by the following molecule. C. Reduced by both preceding and the following molecules. D. Oxidized by both the preceding and following molecules.

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Transcript

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00:01 Hello everyone, in this question we have been asked that the f1 subunit of the atp synthase.
00:08 So f1 here is composed of three copies of each of subunits alpha, beta and one each of subunits of gamma, delta and epsilon.
00:22 The f1 portion of atp synthase is hydrophilic and it is responsible for hydrolyzing the atp.
00:35 The f1 subunit protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix space subunits alpha and beta make a hexamer with six binding sites, three of them are catalytically inactive and they bind the adp.
00:48 So therefore here our right answer will be option d that it binds the piadp and the atp and due to the 120 degree rotation of gamma subunit there is change in the beta subunit due to which this binding and release takes place.
01:07 Then in the question 2 it says that in the electron transport chain an inhibitor of complex 2 would be.
01:13 So complex 2 is basically the succinate dehydrogenase which passes on the electron to the coenzyme q that is the complex 3.
01:25 So here not accumulated here it is basically the electrons from fadh2 that passes on from the complex 2.
01:33 Then option 3 says that still allow the consumption of nadh by electron transport chain.
01:41 So this here will be correct.
01:43 The electron transport chain will not be shut down because the nadh electron transport is still taking place.
01:49 So therefore here our right answer is option c.
01:55 Then in the next question it says that f0 domain that is the subunit of atp synthase binds directly to the f0 part bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane is involved in the proton translocation.
02:12 It is a proton pore that is embedded in the mitochondrial membrane and it consists of 3 main subunits a, b and c.
02:23 The 6 c subunits make up the rotor ring and subunits b make up a stalk connecting to f1 subunit.
02:30 So here our right answer will be option b that is it functions as a highly controlled proton channel.
02:38 Then in the next question it says that which metabolic reaction is involved with carrying the electrons from the cytosol to the matrix.
02:47 So here option a says oxidation of cytochrome c by complex 4.
02:53 So the complex 4 here is cytochrome c oxidase and it is oxidized by the passage of the electron.
03:02 So here the cytosol and matrix is not involved and it passes the proton from the matrix to the inner mitochondrial space.
03:10 So this is not correct.
03:12 Then in the option b malate aspartate shuttles.
03:15 So in this basically the cytosol and the matrix is involved.
03:21 Then option c says oxidation of qhd by complex 3 which is coenzyme q cytochrome c reductase.
03:28 So in this also the matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane space is involved.
03:35 Then option d says oxidation of succinate to mat fumerate.
03:39 So that takes place in only the mitochondrial matrix.
03:43 Then option e says oxidation of cytochrome c.
03:46 So that takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane...
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