The following two chemical compounds inhibit cytochrome C oxidase in ETC. c. d. measures the winding DNA strands around each other and measures crossing of the DNA strands. has more non-reducing ends that allows enzyme to quickly liberate glucose in the form of glucose-1-phosphate during starvation. Many kinds of hormones can bind to GPCR, but the following two hormones share the same type of GPCR to stimulate the production of cAMP as a second messenger. a. b. 11
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The following two chemical compounds inhibit cytochrome C oxidase in ETC. c. d. 88. measures the winding DNA strands around each other and measures crossing of the DNA strands. 89. has more non-reducing ends that allows enzyme to quickly liberate glucose in the Show more…
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Chemical Signals and Second Messengers. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms. $(a)$ ______ is an intracellular protein that binds calcium and activates enzymes. (b) Glucagon is an example of an ________ hormone. (c) A substance that fits into a specific binding site on the surface of a protein molecule is called a ______. (d) Two products of phospholipase Cactivity that serve as second messengers are _______ and _______. (e) Cyclic AMP is produced by the enzyme ______ and degraded by the enzyme _______. (f) Calcium ions are released within cells mainly from the ________.
Suman K.
Which cellular molecule will have an antagonistic action to the effects of adenylyl cyclase? - glycogen phosphorylase - Galpha-GTP - phosphodiesterase - cAMP - None of the above A defective hepatocyte was isolated from a liver cancer patient. This hepatocyte contains approximately 75+ active protein kinase A (PKA) molecules, even in the absence of epinephrine. What is a plausible explanation? - The cell's adenylate cyclase gene has a mutation that makes the cyclase inactive all of the time. - The cell's phosphorylase kinase gene has a mutation that makes the kinase active all of the time. - The cell's adenylate cyclase gene has a mutation that makes the cyclase active all of the time. - The cell's glycogen phosphorylase gene has a mutation that makes the phosphorylase active all of the time. - None of the above. The carbon that enters the carbon assimilation reactions of photosynthesis is __________ to form triose phosphates - oxidized by ATP - reduced by ATP - reduced by NADPH - oxidized by NADPH - reduced and phosphorylated by NADPH Microtubules are involved in all of the following EXCEPT - the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division - the extension of the lamellopodium of a white blood cell during cell locomotion - the formation of flagella used by sperm cells to swim - transport of vesicles between organelles of the endomembrane system - Microtubules are involved in all of the above. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? - Both are surrounded by a double membrane. - Both divide by binary fission. - Both contain their own circular genome. - Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. - All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory. After PIP2 is cleaved, where will you find DAG and IP3? - Both remain in the plasma membrane - DAG remains in the plasma membrane, IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm - IP3 remains in the plasma membrane, DAG diffuses through the cytoplasm - Both diffuse through the cytoplasm What could you add to your in vitro system (above) to stop the MTs from treadmilling? - tubulin-GTP dimers - tubulin-GDP dimers - GDP - Could add either A or B Which of the following is NOT true concerning the chloroplasts and mitochondria and therefore is not evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory? - Both are surrounded by a double membrane. - Both divide by binary fission. - Both contain their own circular genome. - Both can survive independently from a eukaryotic cell. - All of the above are TRUE, and support the endosymbiotic theory.
Md.Daniyal A.
12. Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the electron transport chain; as a result, the rate of A) ATP synthesis increases B) ATP synthesis decreases C) photosynthesis increases D) protein synthesis increases. 19. Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer? A) O2 B) CO2 C) Na+ D) butane (C4H10), a small nonpolar molecule. 26. When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction. A) exergonic . . . endergonic B) endergonic . . . exergonic C) exergonic . . . spontaneous D) spontaneous . . . exergonic 30. Which of the following is a coenzyme? A) zinc B) vitamin B6 C) iron D) iodine 31. How does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor? A) Competitive inhibitors interfere with the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors interfere with the reactants. B) Competitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme reversibly; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to it irreversibly. C) Competitive inhibitors change the enzyme's tertiary structure; noncompetitive inhibitors cause polypeptide subunits to dissociate. D) Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.
Sri K.
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