Tien's study found that baseball fans were smarter than soccer fans. In real life at the population level, however, there is no difference in their intelligence. She rejected the null hypothesis. About how often does this occur in social science?
Added by Nuria W.
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Tien's study found a statistically significant difference (rejected the null hypothesis) between baseball and soccer fans' intelligence, but in reality, no such difference exists at the population level. Show more…
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1) If the null is true, any observed differences between the sample mean and the true mean are due to sampling error. 2) Stress decreases quality of sleep. This is an example of a null hypothesis. 3) A researcher was convinced that his research hypothesis was true and extra-sensory perception (ESP) is real. He was determined to repeat his ESP study until he finds it. He ran a total of 40 experiments. His colleague, who doesn't believe in ESP, pointed out that with his alpha set to alpha = 0.05, he is bound to likely "find" ESP in at least one of his 40 experiments. In how many experiments, out of the 40, would he be expected to reject the null hypothesis, even if it was true? 4) Marlieke measured extraversion on a six-point scale in a sample of Dutch college students. She found the mean to be 2.53. Can we conclude at alpha = 0.05 that Dutch students are less extraverted than Americans? American population parameters for extraversion are mu = 3.84, s = 1.18.
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A noted psychic was tested for ESP. The psychic was presented with 200 cards face down and asked to determine if the card was one of five symbols: a star, cross, circle, square, or three wavy lines. The psychic was correct in 50 cases. To determine if he has ESP, we want to know if his success rate is better than someone who just guesses. That is, we test the hypotheses H0: p = 0.20, Ha: p > 0.20, where p represent the proportion of cards for which the psychic correctly identifies the symbol in random trials. Assume the 200 trials described above can be treated as an SRS from the population of all guesses the psychic would make in his lifetime. The P-value of this test is (a) between .10 and .05 (b) between .05 and .025 (c) between .025 and .01 (d) between .01 and .001 (e) below .001 A December 2007 Gallup Poll reported that 43% of Americans use the internet for an hour or more each day. You suspect that a higher proportion of students at your school use the internet that much. To find out, you take a simple random sample of 60 students and find that 35 of them use the internet for an hour or more each day. You will test the hypotheses H0: p = 0.43 and Ha: p > 0.43, where p = the proportion of students at your school who use the internet for an hour or more each day, at the alpha = 0.01 level. 12. Which of the following best describes the sampling distribution of proportions for this test? (a) Mean = 0.583; Standard deviation = 0.064; shape approx. Normal (b) Mean = 0.583; Standard deviation = 0.064; shape unknown (c) Mean = 0.5; Standard deviation = 0.064; shape approx. Normal (d) Mean = 0.43; Standard deviation = 0.064; shape approx. Normal (e) Mean = 0.43; Standard deviation = 0.064; shape unknown 13. The test statistic, P-value, and appropriate decision for this test are; (a) z = 2.40; P-value = 0.008; reject H0 (b) z = 2.40; P-value = 0.008; fail to reject H0 (c) t = 2.40; P-value = 0.0103; reject H0 (d) t = 2.40; P-value = 0.0103; fail to reject H0 (e) no conclusion can be drawn, because the shape of the sampling distribution is unknown.
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Do college students enjoy playing sports more than watching sports? A researcher randomly selected ten college students and asked them to rate playing sports and watching sports on a scale from 1 to 10 with 1 meaning they have no interest and 10 meaning they absolutely love it. The results of the study are shown below. Playing Vs. Watching Sports Play 8 7 4 8 10 5 7 5 10 4 Watch 5 6 1 4 9 3 6 9 10 1 Assume a Normal distribution. What can be concluded at the the α = 0.05 level of significance level of significance? For this study, we should use Select an answer a. The null and alternative hypotheses would be: H0: Select an answer Select an answer Select an answer (please enter a decimal) H1: Select an answer Select an answer Select an answer (Please enter a decimal) b. The test statistic ? = (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) c. The p-value = (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.) d. The p-value is ? α e. Based on this, we should Select an answer the null hypothesis. f. Thus, the final conclusion is that ... The results are statistically insignificant at α = 0.05, so there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the population mean rating for playing sports is greater than the population mean rating for watching sports. The results are statistically significant at α = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the ten students that were surveyed rated playing sports higher than watching sports on average. The results are statistically insignificant at α = 0.05, so there is statistically significant evidence to conclude that the population mean rating for playing sports is equal to the population mean rating for watching sports. The results are statistically significant at α = 0.05, so there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the population mean rating for playing sports is greater than the population mean rating for watching sports.
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