Male fiddler crabs defend their burrows against other male fiddler crabs. Larger males typically help defend their smaller, unrelated neighbours' burrow as well. The relationship between the crab and the neighbour it is helping is most likely Blank 1 Question 10 altruismreciprocitylearningcooperationcompetition .
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When males of the Australian slender crayfish compete aggressively with one another (Figure 4.22 ), they begin by displaying their enlarged front claws. The larger the claw, the more likely the male is to dominate his rival, which may leave without grappling with the larger-clawed crayfish. However, the muscles in the claws of males generate only half the force of the claw muscles of females. In addition, the actual strength of the claw has no bearing on which male is dominant. Much the same applies to male fiddler crabs in which males with a regenerated large claw quickly defeat rivals, despite the fact that replacement claws are relatively weak. Are males with large but weak claws dishonest signalers? But how could a mindless crab be dishonest?
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There are two species of omnivorous crab in the same genus. When these two crab species occur sympatrically one crab will evolve larger claws that are useful for breaking the shells of small snails, while the other crab tends to evolve smaller and sharper claws that are useful for tearing apart pieces of macroalgae. Despite both crabs being omnivorous, they will eat different food when they co-occur on the same shore. These two crabs are responding to competition by exhibiting: a. Competitive exclusion b. Sympatric speciation c. Character displacement d. Allopatric speciation e. Ecological release
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Suppose a population of crabs in a certain tidal ecosystem thrives. These male crabs have one large claw and one small claw, but variation exists in the size of the large claw. They wave the large claw to attract females to their burrow. Females are attracted to males with larger claws. Which crabs will be more likely to have more offspring in this environment?
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