Meningococcal disease: Do we currently have an FDA-approved safe and effective vaccine for this disease (this does not include experimental vaccines, vaccines used in other countries, or vaccines the FDA allows only for emergency cases)? Question 34 options: Yes No
Added by Trevor V.
Step 1
** Show more…
Show all steps
Your feedback will help us improve your experience
Adi S and 71 other Biology educators are ready to help you.
Ask a new question
Labs
Want to see this concept in action?
Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.
Key Concepts
Recommended Videos
Meningococcal disease, caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, is a severe, life-threatening illness with rapid onset and progression of symptoms. Case-fatality rates can be as high as 10%–20% among people who receive treatment (likely higher if not treated). Approximately 11%–19% of survivors have major long-term consequences, including loss of limbs, deafness, and seizures. In the United States, meningococcal disease incidence has steadily declined since 1995 (1.20 cases/100,000 persons) to a historic low of 0.11 cases/100,000 persons in 2017. We reviewed university-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B and vaccination responses in the United States in the years following serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine availability. Ten university-based outbreaks occurred in 7 states during 2013–2018, causing a total of 39 cases and 2 deaths. Outbreaks occurred at universities with 3,600–35,000 undergraduates. Outbreak case counts ranged from 2 to 9 cases; outbreak duration ranged from 0 to 376 days. All 10 universities implemented MenB vaccination: 3 primarily used MenB-FHbp and 7 used MenB-4C. Estimated first-dose vaccination coverage ranged from 14% to 98%. University Location | Outbreak time period | Case Counts (Number of cases) | Death Counts (Number of deaths) | Number of undergrad students | % of students who received first dose vaccine --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- New Jersey | Mar 2013 – Mar 2014 | 9 | 1 | 5,000 | 95% California | Nov 2013 | 4 | 0 | 19,000 | 51% Rhode Island | Jan – Feb 2015 | 2 | 0 | 3,700 | 94% Oregon A | Jan – May 2015 | 7 | 1 | 20,000 | 52% California | Jan – Feb 2016 | 2 | 0 | 5,000 | 90% New Jersey | Mar – Apr 2016 | 2 | 0 | 35,000 | NA Wisconsin | Oct 2016 | 3 | 0 | 30,000 | 67% Oregon B | Nov 2016 – Nov 2017 | 5 | 0 | 25,000 | 98% Massachusetts | Oct 2017 – Feb 2018 | 3 | 0 | 26,000 | 34% Pennsylvania | Nov 2017 | 2 | 0 | 3,600 | 14% Question What is the risk of meningococcal B disease at university Oregon B? That is, what's the risk of being a case among university Oregon B students in the time period observed?
Adi S.
5. _____T _____F Histamine is a vasodilator. 6. _____T _____F B cells are formed in the bone marrow. 7. _____T _____F MHC molecules are found on all nucleated cells. 8. _____T _____F Antibodies kill bacteria and viruses by binding to them. 9. _____T _____F Boosters are recommended for live virus vaccines. 10. _____T _____F Virus surface features stimulate antibody production. 11. _____T _____F Deleting a virulence gene will cause a virus to be unable to cause disease. 12. _____T _____F Irradiation is one way to inactivate a virus. 13. _____T _____F There will be large clumps of antibodies/antigen if there is an abundance of antigen. 14. _____T _____F A toxoid is a modified version of the toxin from which it is derived. 15. _____T _____F Inactivated vaccines cannot revert to the original dangerous form. 16. _____T _____F The live vaccine has a better chance to stimulate memory cell production. 17. _____T _____F A toxoid vaccine also provides protection from the toxin-producing bacteria. 18. _____T _____F Subunit vaccines cannot revert back to a virulent form. 19. _____T _____F Conjugated vaccines use a protein carrier to enhance the immune response. 20. _____T _____F Droplet transmission can occur over a distance greater than 3 feet.
Sri K.
The United States and the entire world have been plagued by widespread outbreaks that impact the survival of those impacted by the transmission of the disease or viruses. Is it ethical to use investigational medical interventions or treatments that have not undergone rigorous testing and evaluation that prove their safety and efficacy on humans? Think about the past outbreak of Ebola and the current pandemic of COVID. Why or why not?
James K.
Recommended Textbooks
Biology for AP Courses
Objective Biology for NEET
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Transcript
18,000,000+
Students on Numerade
Trusted by students at 8,000+ universities
Watch the video solution with this free unlock.
EMAIL
PASSWORD
