\[ \text{Tax on business income} = \$142,000 \times 0.51 = \$72,420 \]
Step 2: **Calculate the after-tax income if not incorporated**
\[ \text{After-tax income} = \$142,000 - \$72,420 = \$69,580 \]
Step 3: **Determine the tax on business income if
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