What are the abnormal findings? Why does the body form concentrated urine? Where in the kidney does urine concentration occur? Is this kidney performing properly? What suggestions might you have for this patient? Why is an extended water fast a bad idea? Patient D: 38 y/o male vegetarian. Complains of mild irritation during urination. Urine volume 1.1 liters/24 hours. Microscopic examination of urine revealed many small pyramid shaped crystals in every high power field. List the abnormal findings. What did you see in the sediment from this sample? How does diet affect urine? Have you ever tried drinking 12 large glasses of water in a day? Why would drinking water be helpful to this individual?
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The sediment from the sample may contain RBCs and oxalate crystals. Show more…
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Madhur L.
1. Provide a couple of scenarios in which a urine test may be performed? 2. What color does normal, fresh urine have and why? 3. What abnormal color can urine have and why? 4. What can cause urine to be dilute? Concentrated? 5. What is turbidity? 6. What can cause abnormal turbidity? 7. What is the normal odor of urine compared to and what could change the smell of urine? 8. What does a chemstix analyze urine for? 9. Wat is specific gravity? 10. What can cause urine to have an abnormally low specific gravity? High Specific gravity? 11. What is the normal pH of urine and what can change it? 12. What can cause protein to be in urine? 13. What can cause glucose to be present in urine?
The most common type of kidney stone is formed from calcium ethanedioate $\left(\mathrm{CaC}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)$ which precipitates out in the urinary tract when concentrations of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions and $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}^{2-}$ ions become too high. Magnesium ions are known to inhibit the formation of kidney stones. To analyse the concentrations of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})$ and $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})$ in a sample of urine, the ions were precipitated as ethanedioates and the mixed precipitate of $\mathrm{CaC}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}$ and $\mathrm{MgC}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}$ was analysed by gravimetric analysis. The solid ethanedioates were first heated to form a mixture of $\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{MgO}$. The mass of this mixture was $0.0433 \mathrm{g}$. This solid was then heated more strongly to give a mixture of $\mathrm{CaO}$ and $\mathrm{MgO}$. The mass of the solid residue from this process was $0.0285 g .$ What was the mass of the $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions in the original sample of urine? (Section 1.5 )
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