Which one of the following statements is correct? a) In the context of physiological systems, a positive feedback loop stabilizes physiological variables to maintain homeostasis b) Both T4 and T3 form within thyroglobulin by a coupling reaction involving two diiodotyrosyl residues or a monoiodotyrosyl and a diiodo-tyrosyl residue, respectively c) All of these statements are correct d) The posterior pituitary releases cortisol into the bloodstream in response to stress e) None of these statements are correct
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Select all TRUE statements. a) Levothyroxine (a thyroxine supplement) may cause a goiter. b) Both the cortisol and thyroid hormones pathways involve neurohormones from the hypothalamus signalling to the anterior pituitary. c) A patient whose thyroid gland was removed by surgery and who is not taking any other medication is likely to often feel cold. d) A patient taking prednisone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) for an extended time may be diagnosed with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. e) Due to negative feedback, levothyroxine (a thyroxine supplement) decreases ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. f) In a patient with an adrenal tumor that leads to high cortisol, negative feedback stimulates the hypothalamus to increase ACTH release.
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Which is true? a. Circulating levels of hormones are held constant by a series of positive feedback loops. b. Both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. c. Hormones stimulate neurons, muscles, and glands only. d. Ducts of endocrine organs release contents into the blood. e. Hormones regulate cellular functions, and negative feedback regulates hormone levels.
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Which is/are true about the role of hypophysiotropic hormones in the following systems? a. The level of blood glucose is maintained within strict limits by the opposing forces of two hypophysiotropic hormones b. The blood levels of cortisol are maintained within strict limits by the upregulation and downregulation of a single hypophysiotropic hormone c. The level of blood thyroxine is maintained within strict limits by the opposing forces of two hypophysiotropic hormones d. The blood level of growth hormone is controlled by the up and down regulation of a single hypophysiotropic hormone
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