Value: 2 Match the items. a. an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure b. an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver; also called hepatic steatosis c. an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity d. elevated blood pressure in the portal vein; may be caused by obstructed blood flow through the liver 1. ascites 2. cirrhosis 3. fatty liver 4. portal hypertension
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an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure - cirrhosis (2) b. an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, also called hepatic steatosis - fatty liver (3) c. an Show more…
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Liver failure significantly reduces the quality of life for sufferers. Government surveys indicate that patients with liver failure are equally happy living five years completely healthy or ten years with the disease. After a transplant, patients recover to 80% of full health. With a successful liver transplant, patients will live 4 years. Without the transplant, the patient will live two years. The cost of the transplant is $100,000 immediately. Each year the patient must take auto-immune suppressants that cost $10,000 to stop the body from rejecting the transplant. Regardless, 15% of patients do not have a successful surgery and die during the transplant. Use a discount rate of 5% throughout. a) What are the implied quality weights for years 1, 2, 3, and 4 without surgery? With surgery? What are the probabilities of being alive in years 1, 2, 3, and 4 without surgery? With surgery? b) How many QALY’s will the patient have if they choose to not have the surgery? If they have the surgery? c) What is the present value of the cost of the surgery and follow-up treatment?
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A biopsy was performed on a patient presented with jaundice and with history of heavy alcohol intake. Biochemical tests showed abnormal liver function. H&E staining was carried out and the image is shown below. Hepatic lobules can be noted. The white spaces are indicative of abnormal liver architecture. Other staining methods can be performed to further evaluate the abnormal hepatic change. 1) Name one confirmatory special staining method that can be conducted to determine the nature of fatty change and fibrosis of hepatocytes. 2) What structures would be visible with further special staining technique. 3) Briefly describe the result of special staining. 4) Explain the limitations of H&E staining as confirmatory staining of hepatocytes in this case. (6 marks)
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QUESTION 7 A pyloroplasty involves: A. plastic repair of the rectum. B. plastic repair of the stomach's distal opening. C. correction of a hiatal hernia. D. resection of the stomach's fundus. QUESTION 8 Ascites is: A. intestinal obstruction. B. acute abdominal pain. C. degeneration of the liver. D. accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. QUESTION 9 Another term for jaundice is: A. icterus. B. ascites. C. hepatomegaly. D. emesis.
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