Biology 2015

Which of these is not within the realm of conservation biology?
a. helping manage a national park
b. restoring an ecosystem
c. writing textbooks and/or popular books on the value of biodiversity
d. introducing endangered species back into the wild
e. All of these are concerns of conservation biology.

Which statement accepted by conservation biologists best shows that they support ethical principles?
a. Biodiversity is the variety of life observed at various levels of biological organization.
b. Wild species directly provide us with all sorts of goods and services.
c. New technologies can help determine conservation plans.
d. There are three principles of restoration biology that need to be adhered to in order to restore ecosystems.
e. Biodiversity is desirable and has value in and of itself, regardless of any practical benefit.

Which group of organisms represents the largest percentage of biodiversity on Earth?
a. plants
b. protists
c. fungi
d. insects
e. bacteria and archaea

The services provided to us by ecosystems are unseen. This means
a. they are not valuable.
b. they are noticed particularly when the service is disrupted.
c. biodiversity is not needed for ecosystems to keep functioning as before.
d. we should be knowledgeable about them and protect them.
e. Both b and d are correct.

Consumptive value
a. means we should think of conservation in terms of the long run.
b. means we are placing too much emphasis on living organisms that are useful to us.
c. means some organisms, other than domestic crops and farm animals, are valuable as sources of food.
d. is a type of direct value.
e. Both c and d are correct.

Which of these is not an indirect value of species?
a. participate in biogeochemical cycles
b. participate in waste disposal
c. help provide fresh water
d. prevent soil erosion
e. All of these are indirect values.

Which of these is a true statement?
a. Habitat loss is the most frequent cause of extinctions today.
b. Exotic species are often introduced into ecosystems by accidental transport.
c. Climate change may cause many extinctions but also expands the ranges of other species.
d. Overexploitation of fisheries could lead to a complete collapse of the fishing industry.
e. All of these statements are true.

Which of these is expected if the average global temperature increases?
a. the inability of some species to migrate to cooler climates as environmental temperatures rise
b. the possible destruction of coral reefs
c. an increase in the number of parasites in the temperate zone
d. a population decline for some species but an increase for others
e. All of these are correct.

Complete the following graph by labeling each bar (a–e) with a cause of extinction, from the most influential to the least influential.

Most likely, ecosystem performance improves
a. the more diverse the ecosystem.
b. as long as selected species are maintained.
c. as long as species have both direct and indirect value.
d. if extinctions are diverse.
e. Both a and b are correct.

Why is the grizzly bear considered a keystone species that exists within a metapopulation?
a. Grizzly bears require many thousands of miles of preserved land, because they are large animals.
b. Grizzly bears have functions that increase biodiversity, but presently the population is subdivided into isolated subpopulations.
c. When grizzly bears are present, so are many other species within a diverse landscape.
d. Grizzly bears are a source population for many other types of organisms across several population types.
e. All of these are correct.

Which habitat restoration method is not part of a natural restoration plan?
a. using controlled burns to bring back natural grasslands
b. using biological pest controls to eliminate invasive species
c. applying bioremediation techniques to clean up oil spills
d. using ladybugs to prey upon cotton aphids
e. introducing new prey species into a community to increase the producer base