Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology

Bradley Deline, Randa Harris, Karen Tefend

Chapter 10

Sedimentary Rocks - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Sample S1 is called ____________.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Joanna Quigley

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Sample S1 is an example of a ______________.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b. Organic Sedimentary Rock
c. Chemical or Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Morgan Thompson

Morgan Thompson

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Sample S1 has the following characteristic:
a. effervesces in diluted HCl acid
b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered
c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid
d. contains pebbles and finer sediments
e. a sooty or shiny appearance

Eric Ferrara

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

The formation of Sample S1 includes: __________.
a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification
c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
d. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Sample S2 is called ____________.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Sample S2 is composed of ___________.
a. clastic sediments
b. calcite crystals
c. dolomite crystals
d. organic material
e. calcite shells

Vishal Sharma

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Closely examine the individual grains in Sample S2. Which of the following is true about its maturity?
a. It is mature because it contains a variety of different minerals.
b. It is immature because it is poorly sorted.
c. It is mature because it contains mostly rounded quartz grains.
d. It is immature because the grains are jagged.

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

The formation of Sample S2 includes: _______.
a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a long distance, deposition of sediment, lithification
c. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a very short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification
d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
e. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{3}$ is called _________.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{3}$ is an example of a ________.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b. Organic Sedimentary Rock
c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock
d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Morgan Thompson

Morgan Thompson

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{3}$ has the following characteristic:
a. effervesces in diluted HCl acid
b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered
c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid
d. contains pebbles and finer sediments
e. has a sooty or shiny appearance

Eric Ferrara

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

The formation of Sample $S_{3}$ includes: _____.
a. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transport of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediment, lithification
c. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification, chemical alteration
d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
e. chemical weathering, transport of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{4}$ is called _____.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Joanna Quigley

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{4}$ is an example of a _____.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b. Organic Sedimentary Rock
c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock
d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Morgan Thompson

Morgan Thompson

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Closely examine the individual grains in Sample $\mathrm{S} 4 .$ Which of the following is true about its maturity?
a. It is immature because it is poorly sorted.
b. It is mature because it is poorly sorted.
c. It is mature because it contains mostly rounded grains.
d. It is immature because it contains mostly rounded grains.
e. It is immature because it has clay-sized particles.

John Barone

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

The formation of Sample S4 includes: _____.
a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification
c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{5}$ is called ______.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{5}$ is an example of a ____.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b. Organic Sedimentary Rock
c. Chemical or Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Morgan Thompson

Morgan Thompson

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

The history of formation of Sample $\mathrm{S} 5$ includes:________.
a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediment a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification
c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Sample $\mathrm{S}_{5}$ has the following characteristic:
a. effervesces in diluted $\mathrm{HCl}$ acid
b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered
c. contains fossil shells and effervesces in diluted HCl acid
d. contains pebbles and finer sediments
e. a sooty or shiny appearance

Dr. Satish Ingale

Dr. Satish Ingale

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Sample S6 is called _____a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

The history of formation of Sample S6 includes: _____.
a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals either biologically or inorganically, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification
c. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
d. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Sample S6 is composed of _____.
a. clastic sediments
b. microcrystalline calcite crystals
c. microcrystalline dolomite crystals
d. microcrystalline quartz crystals
e. organic material

Prem Bijarniya

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

Sample S6 can be easily recognized by which of the following properties?
a. conchoidal fracturing
b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered
c. fissule appearance
d. a sandpaper texture
e. a sooty or shiny appearance

David Collins

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

Sample $\mathrm{S} 7$ is called ______.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Compared to Sample S2, how mature is Sample S7?
a. more mature
b. less mature
c. same level of maturity

Stefani Rios

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Sample S7 consists of ______.
a. fragments of calcite shells
b. clay-sized sediments
c. sand-sized sediments
d. organic material
e. dolomite crystals

Prem Bijarniya

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

Sample S 7 can be easily recognized by which of the following properties?
a. conchoidal fracturing
b. weakly effervesces in diluted HCl acid if powdered
c. fissile appearance
d. a sandpaper texture
e. a sooty or shiny appearance

Vysakh M

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

Sample S8 is called ____.
a. Conglomerate
b. Crystalline Limestone
c. Coal
d. Shale
e. Coquina
f. Chert
g. Dolostone
h. Sandstone

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

Sample $\mathrm{S} 8$ is an example of a _______.
a. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
b. Organic Sedimentary Rock
c. Chemical Sedimentary Rock
d. Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Morgan Thompson

Morgan Thompson

Numerade Educator

Problem 31

Sample S8 is most likely to weather by which of the following processes?
a. Dissolution
b. Frost Wedging
c. Oxidation
d. Hydrolysis
e. The addition and subtraction of heat

CC

Cevannah Coleman

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

The history of formation of Sample S8 includes: _____.
a. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals, lithification
b. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a long distance, deposition of
sediments, lithification
c. mechanical weathering, transportation of sediments a very short distance, deposition of sediments, lithification
d. photosynthesis, growth of organic material, deposition of organic materials, lithification
e. chemical weathering, transportation of ions, precipitation of minerals as shells by organisms, deposition, lithification

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

Search for $390552.46 \mathrm{~N} 843056.16 \mathrm{E}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 30,000 \mathrm{ft} .$ The large-scale structures in this sedimentary environment are asymmetrical ripples (known as dunes at this size). Zoom in and out and examine the sedimentary environment. What type of sedimentary environment is this?
a. Lacustrine
b. Fluvial
c. Eolian
d. Glacial

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

What type of weathering do you think is most prominent in this sedimentary environment?
a. Mechanical weathering from a current
b. Dissolution
c. Frost Wedging
d. Hydrolysis

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

Study the large dunes in this image (zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 25,000$ feet). These structures can indicate the direction that the wind is blowing. What is the predominant wind direction in this area? (Hint: it is easier to see these features if we exaggerate the vertical scale to do this go to Tools, options, and on the $3 \mathrm{D}$ view tab change the Elevation Exaggeration to $3 .$ To do this on a Mac go to Google Earth then Preferences)
a. north to south
b. south to north
c. east to west
d. west to east

Brandon Fox

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

Search for $640103.61 \mathrm{~N} 165256.63 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 25,000 \mathrm{ft} .$ What type of sedimentary environment is this?
a. Lacustrine
b. Fluvial
c. Eolian
d. Glacial

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

What type of weathering do you think is most prominent in this sedimentary environment? (Make sure you evaluate all choices.)
a. Mechanical weathering from ice
b. Dissolution
c. Frost Wedging
d. Hydrolysis
e. Both a and $c$ are correct

Christina Sorrentino

Christina Sorrentino

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

When the sediment you see today lithifies, what type of sedimentary rock would you expect to be most abundant in this area and how mature is this rock type?
a. Shale, Mature
b. Shale, Immature
c. Sandstone, Immature
d. Sandstone, Mature
e. Conglomerate, Immature
f. Conglomerate, Mature

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

Search for $444216.98 \mathrm{~N} 10523.88 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 17$ miles. Notice the depth of this shallow bay (Arcachon Bay, France). This bay dries out at times and later greatly expands in size daily. What sedimentary structure would you likely find in this area because of this?
a. graded beds
b. finely layered beds
c. cross beds
d. mud cracks

Aflah M

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

What type of sedimentary environment is this?
a. lacustrine
b. tidal mudflats
c. deep marine
d. beach

Anas Venkitta

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

Search for $202023.94 \mathrm{~S} 1503829.14 \mathrm{E}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of $\sim 25$ miles (also zoom far out to notice where you are in the world). What type of sedimentary environment is this?
a. shallow marine
b. deep marine
c. delta
d. reef

Rikhil Makwana

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

Think about the origin of this marine formation and consider the latitude to assess climatic conditions. What is the most abundant type of rock you would expect to form in this sedimentary environment?
a. Limestone
b. Sandstone
c. Coal
d. Shale

Charles Machakwa

Charles Machakwa

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

If the sea level dropped 1,000 feet and this sedimentary environment stopped being built and began to break down, what type of weathering would be most likely to occur on these rocks?
a. Fracturing from the addition or subtraction of pressure
b. Dissolution
c. Frost Wedging
d. Hydrolysis

Lucas Pressley

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

Search for 31 00 43.61N $812540.92 \mathrm{~W}$ and zoom out to an eye altitude of 1,500 ft. What type of sedimentary environment is this?
a. shallow marine
b. reef
c. fluvial
d. each
e. tidal mudflat

Hunza Gilgit

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

What type of sediment would you expect to find in this depositional environment?
a. Mostly mature clastic sediments with some biochemical and chemical sedimentary sediments
b. Mostly biochemical and chemical sedimentary sediments with some mature clastic sediments
c. Exclusively organic sediments
d. Exclusively biochemical sediments
e. Exclusively immature clastic sediments

Kendrick Buford

Kendrick Buford

Numerade Educator