Objective Biology for NEET

Rajiv Vijay

Chapter 19

Excretory Products and Their Elimination - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water by metabolic activities.
(b) Animal accumulate substances like ions $\left(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}, \mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)$ and urea, ammonia, uric acid, $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and water are removed totally or partially.
(c) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of mammals.
(d) Kidneys play significant role in the removal of ammonia directly.

Qudsiya Anis

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Select ammonotelic from the following
(a) Many bony fishes
(b) Aquatic amphibians
(c) Aquatic insects
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Select the order of toxicity.
A. Ammonia
B. Urea
C. Uric acid
(a) $\mathrm{A}>\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{C}$
(b) $\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{A}>\mathrm{C}$
(c) $C>A>B$
(d) $\mathrm{C}>\mathrm{B}>\mathrm{A}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which excretory product requires maximum water for its elimination?
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Uric acid
(d) Creatinine

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) Ammonia is readily soluble in water.
(b) Ammonia is generally excreted by the process of diffusion.
(c) Ammonia is excreted as ammonium ion through gill surface in fishes.
(d) Ammonia is the major and urea and uric acid are the minor forms of nitrogenous waste excreted by animals.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Metabolic wastes containing nitrogen in our body are due to
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Fats
(d) Vitamins

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Excretion involves the process in which
(a) Harmful substances in the body are chemically changed.
(b) Substances of no further use or those present in excessive quantities are thrown out of the body.
(c) Harmful substances are stored in cells before being eliminated.
(d) Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder and sweat from the skin.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which of the following is Ureotelic?
(a) Mammals
(b) Most of the terrestrial amphibians
(c) Marine fishes
(d) All the above

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

Ammonia which is produced by metabolism is converted into A in the liver of mammals and released into B which is filtered and C out by kidney
(a) A-Uric acid, B-Blood, C-excreted
(b) A-Urea, B-Blood, C-excreted
(c) A-Amino acid, B-Blood, C-excreted
(d) A-Sugar, B-Blood, C-excreted

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which of the following is uricotelic?
(A) Reptiles
(B) Birds
(C) Insects
(D) Land snails
(a) A, B and C only
(b) $\mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{C}$ only
(c) A and D only
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

With respect to the mode of excretion, bony fish falls into what category of organism?
(a) Ureotelic
(b) Uricotelic
(c) Ammonotelic
(d) Osmoconformers

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Aquatic animals are mostly ammonotelic because
(a) Ammonia helps in checking the inflow of water into body.
(b) Excretion of ammonia requires large amount of water which is available to these animals.
(c) Water contains less nitrogen.
(d) These get less light.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

What gets increased in blood if liver becomes functionless?
(a) Urea
(b) Ammonia
(c) Uric acid
(d) Proteins

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Nitrogenous excretory product of frog tadpole is
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Guanine
(d) Uric acid

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

In aquatic organisms, the waste end product of nitrogen metabolism is
(a) Urea
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Ammonia
(d) Allantois

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

The chief nitrogenous waste product present in urine of frog is
(a) Ammonia
(b) Urea
(c) Uric acid
(d) Allantoin

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Nitrogenous waste is excreted mainly as
(a) Urea in both frog and tadpole
(b) Urea in frog and ammonia in tadpole
(c) Uric acid in frog and urea in tadpole
(d) Urea in tadpole and ammonia in frog

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Urea is derived from
(a) Fats
(b) Amino acids
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Uric acid

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Which of the following sets of animals produce the same substances as their chief excretory product?
(a) Fish, pigeon and frog
(b) Camel, housefly and snake
(c) Frog, monkey and dog
(d) Amoeba, ant and antelope

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Which of the following sets of animals are uricotelic?
(a) Fish, snake, fowl and man
(b) Fish, frog, lizard and fowl
(c) Crow, snake, cockroach and lizard
(d) Camel, dog, monkey and man

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Excretion of nitrogenous waste product mainly as uric acid by birds is helpful in
(a) Conserving body heat
(b) Conserving water
(c) Eliminating excess water
(d) Eliminating excess body heat

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

Uric acid is formed in human being from
(a) Proteins
(b) Glucose
(c) Purines
(d) Pyrimidines

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Uric acid is excreted by
(a) Pigeon
(b) Frog
(c) Rabbit
(d) Man

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

The least toxic nitrogenous waste is
(a) Ammonia
(b) Ammonia + Urea
(c) Urea
(d) Uric acid

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

Marine teleost fishes excrete
(a) Uric acid
(b) TMO
(c) Ammonia
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Select the correct statement from the following:
(A) In most of the invertebrates, excretory structures are in complex tubular forms.
(B) Vertebrates have simple tubular organ as excretory structure like kidney.
(C) Protonephridia is primarily concerned with excretion.
(D) Protonephridia are excretory structure in rotifers, some annelids and cephalochordates (Amphioxus).
(a) $\mathrm{A}$
(b) B
(c) $\mathrm{C}$
(d) D

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 27

Excretory and osmoregulatory structure in cockroach is
(a) Flame cells
(b) Green glands
(c) Nephridia
(d) Malpighian tubules

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

The animal which retains urea for hypertonicity is (most appropriate)
(a) Elasmobranch
(b) Man
(c) Bird
(d) Amphibian

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 29

Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs in
(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Cockroach
(c) Pila
(d) Ascaris

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

In annelids, excretory organs are
(a) Nephridia
(b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Green glands
(d) Kidneys

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 31

The excretory organs in prawn are
(a) Malpighian tubules
(b) Nephridia
(c) Kidneys
(d) Green glands or antennal gland

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 32

Green glands are excretory organs of
(a) Moths
(b) Crayfishes
(c) Scorpions
(d) Spiders

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 33

Coxal glands are excretory organs in
(a) Spiders and scorpions
(b) Insects
(c) Annelids
(d) Molluscs

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 34

Which of these parts in vertebrates functionally corresponds to the contractile vacuole of protozoans?
(a) Heart
(b) Cloaca
(c) Sweat glands
(d) Kidneys

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 35

In humans, the excretory system coexist of
(a) Pair of kidneys
(b) Pair of ureters
(c) A urinary bladder and a urethra
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 36

Kidneys in human is situated between __________.
(a) $\mathrm{T} 12-\mathrm{L} 3$
(b) T11-L2 (c) T12-Ll
(d) T12-L5 $=$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 37

The correct dimensions of human kidney are
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { Length } & \text { Width } & \text { Thickness } & \text { Weight } \\ \text { (a) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (b) } 10-12 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (c) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 5-7 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-140 \mathrm{gm} \\ \text { (d) } 12-14 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 2-3 \mathrm{~cm} & 120-170 \mathrm{gm}\end{array}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

Which of the following is correct about hilum of kidney?
(a) It is present on the convex outer surface.
(b) It is present at the inner convex surface.
(c) It is notch through which ureter, nerve and blood vessel enter.
(d) It is the place where the calyces are open.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

Which of the following is incorrect about human kidney?
(a) Kidney is covered by tough capsule
(b) Kidney is divided into cortex and medulla on the outer side
(c) The cortex is extended in between the medullary pyramid and the renal column of bertini.
(d) Kidney is situated close to the dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

Each kidney has (nearly) how many nephrons?
(a) 1 million
(b) 2 million
(c) $1 / 2$ million
(d) 3 million

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 41

The extension of cortex in medulla is known as
(a) Columnae carneae
(b) Columns of bertini
(c) Renal columns
(d) both (b) and (c)

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 42

Each nephron consists of
(a) Glomerulus
(b) Renal tubules
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Calyces

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 43

Glomerules along with Bowman's capsule is called
(a) Renal corpuscle
(b) Malpighian tubule
(c) Malpighian body
(d) Both (a) and (c)

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 44

A part of Nephron is situated in cortex completely
A. Malpighian Corpuscle
B. PCT
C. DCT
D. Loop of Henle
E. Collecting duct
(a) $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{C}$ only
(b) B and C only
(c) $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{D}$ only
(d) D and E only

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 45

Select the incorrect statement from the following:
(a) The DCTs of many nephrons opens into a straight tube called collecting duct.
(b) In cortical nephrons (majority), the loop of Henle is too short and extended only very little in medulla.
(c) In juxta medullary nephrons (minority), the loop of Henle is very long and runs deeply into medulla.
(d) Vasa recta is not a part of peritubular network.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

Two kidneys of human beings lie
(a) At the level of ovaries
(b) At the same level
(c) Left kidney at a higher level than the right one
(d) Right kidney at a higher level than the left one

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

Which term is used both for a part of kidney and a part of skeleton in the mammals?
(a) Centrum
(b) Pelvis
(c) Cortex
(d) Medulla

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

Mammalian kidney serve to excrete
(a) Excess water, urea and amino acids
(b) Excess salts, urea and excess water
(c) Excess salts, excess water and excess amino acids
(d) Excess salts, urea and water

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 49

The part through which arteries and veins enter or leave the kidney is called
(a) Major calyces
(b) Minor calyces
(c) Hilus
(d) Renal pore

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

Cells named podocytes occur in the wall of
(a) Neck region of nephrons
(b) Glomerular capillaries
(c) Outer wall of Bowman's capsules
(d) Inner wall of Bowman's capsules

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

A malpighian corpuscle is
(a) Another name for nephron
(b) An excretory structure of insects
(c) Combined name for glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
(d) None of the above

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 52

Blood vessel leading to glomerulus is called
(a) Renal artery
(b) Renal vein
(c) Efferent arteriole
(d) Afferent arteriole

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 53

Blood vessel draining the glomerulus in a mammalian nephron is called
(a) Afferent arteriole and is narrower than the vessel entering it.
(b) Efferent venule and is narrower than the vessel entering it.
(c) Efferent arteriole and is narrower than the vessel entering it.
(d) Renal artery and is wider than the vessel entering it.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 54

In mammalian kidneys, the Bowman's capsules or Malpighian corpuscles occur in
(a) Cortex
(b) Medulla
(c) Pelvis
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 55

In a glomerulus
(a) Afferent arteriole is thicker than efferent arteriole.
(b) Afferent capillaries are thicker than efferent capillaries.
(c) Afferent capillaries are thinner than efferent capillaries.
(d) Afferent arteriole is thinner than efferent arteriole.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 56

Which one of these is not a part of uriniferous tubule?
(a) Loop of Henle
(b) Collecting duct
(c) Bowman's capsule
(d) Distal convoluted tubule

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 57

Bowman's capsule is lined by
(a) Ciliated epithelium
(b) Squamous epithelium
(c) Cuboidal epithelium
(d) Cuboidal and columnar epithelium

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 58

Brush border is a characteristic of
(a) Neck of nephron
(b) Collecting tube
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 59

Filtration of blood occurs in
(a) Loop of Henle
(b) Bowman's capsule (c) Lungs
(d) Renal papillae

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 60

The glomerular filtrate, i.e., the liquid collected in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is
(a) Blood minus proteins
(b) Blood minus proteins and corpuscles
(c) Water
(d) Urine

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 61

Normally that is absent in Glomerular filtrate is
(a) Albumin
(b) Glucose
(c) $\mathrm{NaCI}$
(d) Creatinine

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 62

The glomerular filtration rate would be decreased by
(a) Constriction of the efferent arteriole
(b) An increase in afferent arteriolar pressure
(c) Compression of the renal capsule
(d) An increase in the renal blood flow

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 63

A minute vessel runs parallel to the Henle's loop forming ' $\mathrm{U}$ ' shape vasa recta is a part of
(a) Peritubular network
(b) Afferent arteriole
(c) Efferent arteriole
(d) Bowman's capsule

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 64

Urine formation mainly involves the process of
(a) Ultrafiltration
(b) Selective reabsorption
(c) Secretion
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 65

How much amount of blood is filtered out by kidney's/min?
(a) $500 \mathrm{ml}$
(b) $1100-1200 \mathrm{ml}$
(c) $1500 \mathrm{ml}$
(d) $125 \mathrm{ml}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 66

How many layers do filtration membrane consist of?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) $\overline{3}$
(d) 4

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 67

Filtration membrane consist of
(a) Endothelium of glomerular blood vessels
(b) Epithelium of Bowman's capsule
(c) Basement membrane between the above two layers
(d) All the above

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 68

Which of the following is incorrect about ultrafiltration?
(a) Podocytes are arranged in intricate manner so as to leave minute space called filtration slits and slit pore, filtration occurs finely through these pores.
(b) Filtration is so fine that almost all the constituent of blood except protein pass onto the lumen of Bowman's capsule.
(c) Filtrated fluid is isotonic to blood plasma.
(d) JGA controls the filtration rate of ultrafiltration.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 69

The values of GFR in an healthy individual is
(a) $125 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}$
(b) $150 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}$
(c) $100 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}$
(d) $200 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 70

The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys are
(a) $125 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{min}$
(b) $7.5$ litre/hr
(c) 180 litre/day
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 71

Select the total number of correct matching.
(1) JGA $\rightarrow$ Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
(2) GFR $\rightarrow$ Glomerular Filtration Rate
(3) $\mathrm{PCT} \rightarrow$ Proximal Conducting Tube
(4) DCT $\rightarrow$ Distal Convoluted Tubule
(5) $\mathrm{CD} \rightarrow$ Conducting Duct
(6) $\mathrm{ADH} \rightarrow$ Antidiuretic Hormone
(a) 6
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 2

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 72

JGA is formed by
(a) Part of DCT
(b) Part of afferent arteriole
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 73

Following are the points of mechanism of JGA. Arrange them accordingly.
(A) Activation of JG cells
(B) Activated JG cells release renin
(C) Fall in GFR
(D) Increase of glomerular blood flow
(E) GFR back to normal
(a) E, A, D, C, B
(b) C, A, B, D, E
(c) A, B, C, D, E
(d) C, A, D, B, E

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 74

Nearly how much percent of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules?
(a) $70-80 \%$
(b) $85 \%$
(c) $99 \%$
(d) $90 \%$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 75

Choose the correct statement about absorption in renal tubules from the following:
(a) Glucose, amino acids and $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ reabsorbed actively.
(b) Nitrogenous waste are absorbed by passive transport.
(c) $70-80$ per cent of electrolyte and water are absorbed in PCT.
(d) All the above

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 76

Tubular secretion helps in
(a) Ionic balance of body fluid
(b) Acid base balance of body fluid
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 77

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about filtration?
(a) Selective process
(b) Non-selective process
(c) Performed by glomerulus
(d) It occurs through the usage of capillary (glomerulus) blood pressure

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 78

Which of the following is incorrect about PCT?
(a) Lined with simple cuboidal brush border epithelium.
(b) All essential nutrient and 70 to 80 per cent of the electrolyte and water are reabsorbed here.
(c) It helps in the PH maintenance of body fluid by the selective secretion of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ ion and by the absorption of $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$.
(d) It does not help in the maintenance of ionic balance of body fluid.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 79

Which of the following part has minimum reabsorption?
(a) $\mathrm{PCT}$
(b) $\mathrm{HL}$
(c) DCT
(d) Collecting duct

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 80

Select the total number of correct statements about the loop of Henle.
(1) Descending limb is permeable to water.
(2) Descending limb is almost impermeable to electrolyte.
(3) Ascending limb is impermeable to water.
(4) It allows the transport of electrolyte only actively.
(5) At the tip of loop of Henle, the concentration of filtrate is $1200 \mathrm{~m} \operatorname{osmol} / 1$.
(6) It helps in the maintenance of high osmolarity in medullary interstitium.
(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 81

Which segment helps in the $\mathrm{pH}$ maintenance of body fluid?
(a) $\mathrm{PCT}$
(b) DCT
(c) Collecting duct
(d) All

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 82

DCT helps in
(A) Conditional reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ and water
(B) HCO $_{3}^{-}$ absorption
(C) $\mathrm{pH}$ maintenance
(D) Selective secretion of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$
(a) A, C and D only
(b) B, C and D only
(c) All of these
(d) $\mathrm{C}$ and $\mathrm{D}$ only

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 83

Which of the following segment allows the passage of small amount of urea into modularly interstitium to keep up the osmolarity?
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) HL
(d) Collecting duct

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 84

At which place we initially used the term 'urine' for filtrate?
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) $\mathrm{HL}$
(d) Collecting duct (end)

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 85

Counter-current mechanism is present in
(a) $\mathrm{HL}$
(b) Vasa recta
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) DCT

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 86

Which of the following is incorrect about counter-current mechanism?
(a) The flow of filtrate in two limbs of vasa recta is in opposite direction.
(b) The flow of blood in two limbs of vasa recta is also in opposite direction.
(c) $\mathrm{NaCI}$ is transported by the ascending limb of HL which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta.
(d) $\mathrm{NaCl}$ is returned to in interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 87

Counter current mechanism maintains the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.
It helps in
(a) Easy passage of water from PCT
(b) Easy passage of water from DCT
(c) Easy passage of water from HL
(d) Easy passage of water from collecting duct

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 88

The total filtrate formed in 24 hours in human kidney is
(a) $1.8$ litre
(b) $8.0$ litre
(c) 18 litre
(d) 180 litre

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 89

Which of the following is most likely to cause an increase in the glomerular filtration rates?
(a) Blockage of ureter
(b) Dilation of the afferent arterioles
(c) Release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus
(d) Volume depletion

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 90

Which of these will be completely reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate under normal conditions in the nephrons?
(a) Urea
(b) Salts
(c) Uric acid
(d) Glucose

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 91

What are mainly reabsorbed from Henle's loops?
(a) Potassium
(b) Glucose
(c) Water and $\mathrm{NaCl}$
(d) Urea and $\mathrm{NaCl}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 92

The part of the nephron that helps in active reabsorption of sodium is
(a) Bowman's capsule
(b) Distal convoluted tubule
(c) Ascending limb of Henle's loop
(d) Proximal convoluted tubules

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 93

Which of the following substance is actively secreted into glomerular filtrate of the kidney tubule?
(a) Amino acids
(b) Chloride ions
(c) $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$
(d) $\mathrm{K}^{+}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 94

The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney is to increase the
(a) Excretion of water
(b) Excretion of $\mathrm{Na}$ '
(c) Permeability of the distal nephron to water
(d) Glomerular filtration rate

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 95

In deficiency of ADH, the rate of micturition
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) Remains the same
(d) None of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 96

Volume of urine is regulated by
(a) Aldosterone
(b) Aldosterone and $\mathrm{ADH}$
(c) Aldosterone, ADH and testosterone
(d) ADH alone

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 97

When a person is suffering from poor renal reabsorption, which one of the following will not help in the maintenance of blood volume?
(a) Increased ADH secretion
(b) Decreased glomerular filtration
(c) Increased arterial pressure in kidneys
(d) Decreased arterial pressure in kidneys

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 98

The number of nephrons in a kidney is equal to the
(a) Number of Bowman's capsules
(b) Sum of Bowman's capsules and glomeruli
(c) Double the number of Bowman's capsules
(d) Sum of Bowman's capsules and Malpighian corpuscles

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 99

If Henle's loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected?
(a) The urine will be more dilute.
(b) There will be no urine formation.
(c) The urine will have more concentration.
(d) There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 100

Which of the following statements is/are true?
1. Urine is hypertonic in distal convoluted tubule.
2. When the urine passes into the collecting tubule it becomes hypotonic.
3. Urine is isotonic in proximal convoluted tubule.
4. Urine becomes more and more hypotonic as it passes through the Henle's loop.
(a) $\mathrm{I}$ and 4 only
(b) 1,2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 101

Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar function?
(a) Typhlosole in earthworm, intestinal villi in rat and contractile vacuole in Amoeba.
(b) Nephridia in earthworm, Malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat.
(c) Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm.
(d) Incisors of rat, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroach and tube feet of starfish.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 102

Ducts of Bellini are present in
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Intestine
(d) Medulla oblongata

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 103

The human kidney produces how much concentrated urine than the initial filtrate formed?
(a) 2 times
(b) 4 times
(c) 6 times
(d) 3 times

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 104

What is the ratio of concentration of outer medulla to outer portion of inner medulla?
(a) $\frac{1}{3}$
(b) $\frac{2}{3}$
(c) $\frac{4}{3}$
(d) $\frac{1}{4}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 105

The functioning of kidney is regulated by
(a) Hypothalamus
(b) JGA
(c) Heart
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 106

ADH causes
(a) Increased water absorption from DCT and CT
(b) Increased GFR by increasing blood pressure
(c) Increases reabsorption of electrolyte from distal tubules
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 107

Arrange the following steps in order
(1) Excessive loss of fluid
(2) Stimulation of osmoreceptor
(3) Stimulation of Hypothalamus
(4) Release of ADH or Vasopressin
(5) ADH facilitate water reabsorption from distal tubules
(6) Increase in body fluid switch off osmoreceptor and suppress the release of $\mathrm{ADH}$.
(a) $1,2,3,4,5,6$
(b) $1,3,2,4,5,6$
(c) $6,1,2,3,4,5$
(d) $2,3,4,1,5,6$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 108

Stimulus for activation of JG cells to release rennin is/are
(a) $\downarrow$ Glomerular blood flow
(b) $\downarrow$ Glomerular blood pressure
(c) $\downarrow \mathrm{GFR}$
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 109

RAAS involve
(a) JGA apparatus
(b) Angiotensinogen
(c) Adrenal cortex
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 110

Select the incorrect from the following:
(a) 2,3
(b) 1,3
(c) 4
(d) 5,6

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 111

Increase in blood pressure is caused by
(a) \uparrowes ADH secretion
(b) \uparrowes Aldosterone secretion
(c) \uparrowes Angiotensinogen II
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 112

Which of the following is true about ANF?
(a) Full form is Autonomic Nervous Factor
(b) Antagonistic to Renin-Angiotensin mechanism
(c) It causes vasoconstriction
(d) All are true

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 113

Find the correct steps for micturition (arrange in order).
(A) Urine filled in urinary bladder
(B) Stretch-receptor activation
(C) Wall of bladder send signal to CNS
(D) Motor message from CNS to urinary bladder and urethral sphincter
(E) Bladder contracts and sphincter dilates leads to micturition
(a) $\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{E}$
(b) $\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{E}$
(c) $\mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{E}$
(d) $\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{E} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 114

Neural mechanism of micturition is called
(a) Micturition reflex
(b) Simple reflex
(c) Conditioned reflex
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 115

An adult human excretes how much urine per day?
(a) 1-1.5 litre
(b) 1.5-2 litre
(c) 5-1 litre
(d) 3 litre

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 116

On an average _________ of urea is excreted out per da
(a) $20-25 \mathrm{gm}$
(b) $25-30 \mathrm{gm}$
(c) $25-30 \mathrm{mg}$
(d) $40-45 \mathrm{gm}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 117

Analysis of urine help in the clinical diagnosis of
(a) Metabolic disorders
(b) Malfunctioning of kidney
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 118

Select the correct matching:
Colour $\quad$ pH $\quad$ Odour
(a) Light yellow 7.0 Characteristic
(b) Light yellow 6.0 $\quad$ Characteristic
(c) Light yellow 6.5 Pungent
(d) Light yellow $6.0$
Almond

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 119

Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine is called
(a) Glycosuria and ketonuria
(b) Glycogenic and ketonuria
(c) Glycosuria and ketonemia
(d) Gluconeogenesis and ketonaemia

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 120

Glycosuria and ketonuria is indicative of
(a) Starvation
(b) Diabetes mellitus
(c) Diabetes insipidus
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 121

Sweat contains
(a) Watery fluid with $\mathrm{NaCl}$
(b) Urea
(c) Lactic acid
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 122

Primary function of sweat is
(a) Removal of excess of water
(b) Removal of urea
(c) Cooling of body surface
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 123

Nitrogenous waste is eliminated through
(a) Kidney
(b) Saliva
(c) Sweat gland
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 124

Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes are eliminated through
(a) Liver
(b) Lungs
(c) Sebaceous glands
(d) Sweat glands

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 125

Select the incorrect statement from the following.
(a) Liver is the second largest gland in our body.
(b) Sebum provides protective oily covering for skin.
(c) Bile contains substance like bilirubin, biliverdin, cholesterol, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins and drugs are passed with digestive wastes.
(d) Other than kidneys lungs, liver and skin also helps in the elimination of excretory wastes.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 126

Which is not a part of renal tubule?
(a) $\mathrm{PCT}$
(b) Bowman's capsule
(c) DCT
(d) Collecting duct

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 127

Select the total number of excretory organ from the following found in various animals:
Protonephridia, SA node, nephridia, Hepatic Cecae, atrium, Malpighian tubules, green glands, kidney, pons, ommatidia, parapodia
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 128

Excretory organs help in
(a) Excretion only
(b) Maintenance of acid-base balance
(c) Maintenance of ionic balance
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 129

Our lung removes how much of $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ per hour from the body
(a) $10 \mathrm{~L}$
(b) $20 \mathrm{~L}$
(c) $18 \mathrm{~L}$
(d) $2 \mathrm{~L}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 130

Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney is
(a) Renal failure
(b) Renal calculi
(c) Glomerulonephritis
(d) Cystitis

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 131

Stone and insoluble mass of crystallized salts, formed within the kidney is generally made up of
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Calcium oxalate
(c) Silica
(d) Any of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 132

Which is the ultimate method for the correction of acute renal failure?
(a) Haemodialysis
(b) Renal transplantation
(c) Blood transfusion
(c) Angioplasty

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 133

Following are the steps of dialysis:
A. Blood is passed into a vein.
B. Blood is mixed with heparin.
C. Blood is mixed with anti-heparin.
D. Blood is drained from convenient artery.
E. Blood is passed through a coiled and porous cellophane tube bathing in dialysis fluid.
F. Removal of nitrogenous wastes from blood.
The correct sequence of steps is
(a) $\mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{E} \rightarrow \mathrm{F}$
(b) $\mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{E} \rightarrow \mathrm{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{A}$
(c) $\mathrm{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{E} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{A} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}$
(d) $\mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{E} \rightarrow \mathrm{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{A}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 134

Malfunctioning of kidney may lead to the accumulation of _______ in blood.
(a) Glucose
(b) Amino acid
(c) Urea
(d) All of these

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 135

Which of the following is true about renal transplantation?
(a) Kidney transplantation is the ultimate method at the stage where drug or dialysis do not help.
(b) Immunosuppressive agent are used in kidney transplant patient.
(c) Close relatives are often used as kidney donors to minimise the risk of rejection.
(d) All the above

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 136

In the diagram of excretory system of human beings given below, different parts have been indicated by alphabets; choose the answer in which these alphabets have been correctly matched with the parts which they represent.
(a) A-Kidney, B-Abdominal aorta, C-Ureters, D-Urinary bladder, E-Urethra, F-Renal pelvis
(b) A-Kidney, B-Abdominal aorta, C-Urethra, D-Urinary bladder, E-Ureters, F-Renal pelvis
(c) A-Kidney, B-Renal pelvis, C-Urethra, D-Urinary bladder, E-Ureters, F-Abdominal aorta
(d) A-Kidney, B-Abdominal aorta, C-Urethra, D-Urinary bladder, E-Renal pelvis, F-Ureters

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 137

Match the excretory functions of section I with the parts of the excretory system in section II. Choose the correct combinations from among the answers given.
Section I
(i) Ultrafiltration
(ii) Concentration of urine
(iii) Transport of urine
(iv) Storage of urine
Section II
(a) Henle's loop
(b) Ureter
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) Malpighian corpuscles
(e) Proximal convoluted tubules
(a) (i) -(d), (ii)-(a), (iii) -(b), (iv)-(c)
(b) (i) - (d), (ii)-(c), (iii) -(b), (iv)-(a)
(c) (i)-(e), (ii) - (d), (iii) -(a), (iv)-(c)
(d) (i) -(e), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 138

Observe the following figure
$\mathbf{A}$
(a) Renal artery
(b) Inferior vena cava
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) Kidney
$\mathbf{B}$
Urinary
bladder
Kidney
Medulla
Renal artery
C
Inferior vena
cava
Medulla
Kidney
Inferior vena
cava
D
Kidney
Renal artery
Inferior vena cava
Urinary bladder
$\mathbf{E}$
Medulla
Urinary bladder
Renal artery
Medulla

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 139

Go through the following figure:
Identify $\mathrm{A}$ to $\mathrm{D}$.
A B C D
(a) Renal column Renal capsule Calyx Renal pelvis
(b) Renal capsule Renal pelvis Renal vein Calyx
(c) Calyx Renal column Renal capsule Renal vein
(d) Renal vein Calyx Renal column Renal capsule

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 140

Match the following:
(a) A-Proximal convoluted tubule, B-Afferent arteriole, C-Vasa recta, D-Bowman's capsule, E-Henle's loop
(b) A-Henle's loop, B-Vasa recta, C-Proximal convoluted tubule, D-Bowman's capsule, E-Afferent arteriole
(c) A-Bowman's capsule, B-Henle's loop, C-Proximal convoluted tubule, D-Vasa recta, E-Afferent arteriole
(d) A-Vasa recta, B-Proximal convoluted tubule, C-Bowman's capsule, D-Afferent arteriole, E-Henle's loop

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 141

The following diagram represents the Malpighian body. Identify $\mathrm{A}$ to $\mathrm{D}$.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 142

The diagram following the different parts absorb:
Identify $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{D}$
(a) A-Urea, B-Thick segment of ascending limb, D-Descending limb of loop of Henle
(b) A-Descending limb of loop of Henle, B-Thick segment of ascending limb, D-Urea
(c) A-Thick segment of ascending limb, B-Descending limb of loop of Henle, D-Urea
(d) A-Thick segment of ascending limb, B-Thick segment of ascending limb, D-Urea

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 143

Nephron produces how much concentrated urine?
(a) 4 times
(b) 5 times
(c) 3 times
(d) 2 times

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 144

Glomerulus is formed by the branching of
(a) $\mathrm{A}$
(b) $\overline{\mathrm{B}}$
(c) $\mathrm{C}$
(d) D

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 145

The part ' $\mathrm{B}$ ' in the above diagram is lined with
(a) Cuboidal epithelium
(b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Squamous epithelium
(d) Brush border epithelium

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 146

Which part of the above diagram is lined with podocytes?
(a) $\mathrm{A}$
(b) B
(c) $\mathrm{C}$
(d) D

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 147

B part of the above diagram contains
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) HL
(d) Blood Vessels

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 148

In which part of the diagram calyces opens
(a) $\mathrm{A}$
(b) $\mathrm{B}$
(c) $\mathrm{C}$
(d) $\mathrm{E}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 149

In the below diagram, identify the end excretory product which remains in body to maintain concentration of medullary interstitium?
(a) $\mathrm{F}$
(b) $\mathrm{G}$
(c) $\mathrm{A}$
(d) $\mathrm{E}$

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 150

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
(a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) If both the assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water.
Reason: Anti-diuretic hormone $(\mathrm{ADH})$ is secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 151

Assertion: Filteration is a selective process performed by the glomerulus using the glomerular capillary blood pressure.
Reason: Blood is filtered through fine pores present in PCT.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 152

Assertion: The antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.
Reason: In the absence of ADH, water re-absorption is considerably reduced

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 153

Assertion: Presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus.
Reason: Malfunctioning of kidney can lead to accumulation of urea in blood a condition called uremia.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 154

Assertion: In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is Hypotonic.
Reason: Descending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$, while ascending limb is impermeable to $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 155

Assertion: Vasa recta is absent or highely reduced in cortical nephrons.
Reason: $\mathrm{PCT}$ and $\mathrm{DCT}$ are situated in cortical region of kidney.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 156

Assertion: Ammonia is the excretory product of aquatic amphibian.
Reason: Ammonia is readily soluble in water and requires large amount of water for excretion.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 157

Assertion: Urinary bladder and ureters are lined by transitional epithelium.
Reason: Ureters carry the urine to urinary bladder where it is stored temporarily.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 158

Assertion: Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood.
Reason: Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 159

Assertion: In vertebrates, the liver is also referred as an accessory excretory organ.
Reason: Liver helps kidneys in the secretion of urine.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 160

Assertion: Sharks are said to be ammonotelic animals.
Reason: Sharks can retain considerable amounts of ammonia in their blood.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 161

Assertion: The glomerular filtrate resembles the protein free plasma in composition and osmotic pressure.
Reason: The glomerular capillary wall and inner membrance of Bowman's capsule are impermeable to large molecules.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 162

Assertion: PCT reabsorbs nearly all essential nutrients and 70 to 80 per cent of the electrolyte and water from filterate.
Reason: PCT is lined with brush border epithelium.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 163

Assertion: Counter-current mechanism is responsible for the concentration of urine.
Reason: Counter-current mechanism helps to maintain the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 164

Assertion: Aldosterone leads to the increase in blood pressure.
Reason: Aldosterone causes reabsorbtion of sodium ion and water from distal part of tubules.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 165

Assertion: Some amount of urea is retain in medullary interstitium.
Reason: This is use to maintain require concentration in medullary interstitium.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 166

Assertion: Urine produced (1 to $1.5 \mathrm{~L}$ ) per day is far less than the volume of filtrate occur per day (18L).
Reason: $99 \%$ of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 167

Assertion: Uraemia is harmful condition.
Reason: Uraemia may lead to kidney failure

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 168

Assertion: Renal tubules use to maintain ionic balance and $\mathrm{pH}$ of body fluids.
Reason: $\mathrm{H}^{+}, \mathrm{K}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ could be secreted into filtrate by renal tubules.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 169

Assertion: ANF decreases blood pressure.
Reason: ANF causes vasodilation.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 170

Assertion: ADH increases GFR.
Reason: ADH cause vasoconstriction thus increase blood pressure, which inturn increase the glomerular blood flow and there by GFR.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 171

Assertion: Nephridia help in osmoregulation in earthworm.
Reason: Nephridia maintain fluid and ionic balance in earthworm.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 172

Assertion: Antennal glands perform the excretory function in prawns.
Reason: Malpighian tubules are present in crustacean for osmoregulation

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 173

Assertion: Glomerular filtration is considered as ultrafilteration.
Reason: Blood is filtered so finely through filtration membrane that almost all the constituent of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of Bowman 's capsule.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 174

Assertion: Nitrogenous waste in PCT absorb passively.
Reason: It absorb by the process of diffusion down the concentration gradient.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 175

Assertion: Uricotelism is terrestrial adaptation.
Reason: Uricotelism is least toxic and require minimum water for its excretion.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 176

Assertion: Micturition in human is completely an endocrine mechanism.
Reason: Micturition reflex is endocrine reflex completely.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 177

Assertion: Diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed by urine analysis
Reason: Glucose appear in urine in diabetes mellitus condition termed as glycosuria.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator

Problem 178

Assertion: Most of the secretion of liver is pass out along with faecal matter.
Reason: Bile juice is secreted in digestive tract.

Qudsiya Anis

Numerade Educator