University Physics

Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs

Chapter 11

Magnetic Forces and Fields - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Discuss the similarities and differences between the electrical force on a charge and the magnetic force on a charge.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 2

(a) Is it possible for the magnetic force on a charge moving in a magnetic field to be zero? (b) Is it possible for the electric force on a charge moving in an electric field to be zero? (c) Is it possible for the resultant of the electric and magnetic forces on a charge moving simultaneously through both fields to be zero?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 3

At a given instant, an electron and a proton are moving with the same velocity in a constant magnetic field. Compare the magnetic forces on these particles. Compare their accelerations.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 4

Does increasing the magnitude of a uniform magnetic field through which a charge is traveling necessarily mean increasing the magnetic force on the charge? Does changing the direction of the field necessarily mean a change in the force on the charge?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 5

An electron passes through a magnetic field without being deflected. What do you conclude about the magnetic field?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 6

If a charged particle moves in a straight line, can you conclude that there is no magnetic field present?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 7

How could you determine which pole of an to electromagnet is north and which pole is south?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 8

Describe the error that results from accidently using your left rather than your right hand when determining the direction of a magnetic force.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 9

Considering the magnetic force law, are the velocity and magnetic field always perpendicular? Are the force and velocity always perpendicular? What about the force and magnetic field?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 10

Why can a nearby magnet distort a cathode ray tube television picture?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 11

A magnetic field exerts a force on the moving electrons in a current carrying wire. What exerts the force on a wire?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 12

There are regions where the magnetic field of earth is almost perpendicular to the surface of Earth. What difficulty does this cause in the use of a compass?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 13

Hall potentials are much larger for poor conductors than for good conductors. Why?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 14

Describe the primary function of the electric field and the magnetic field in a cyclotron.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 15

What is the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge that moves as shown in each of the six cases?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 16

Repeat previous exercise for a negative charge.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 17

What is the direction of the velocity of a negative charge that experiences the magnetic force shown in each of the three cases, assuming it moves perpendicular to $B$ ?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 18

Repeat previous exercise for a positive charge.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 19

What is the direction of the magnetic field that produces the magnetic force on a positive charge as shown in each of the three cases, assuming $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ is perpendicular to $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}$ ?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Repeat previous exercise for a negative charge.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

(a) Aircraft sometimes acquire small static charges. Suppose a supersonic jet has a $0.500-\mu C$ charge and flies due west at a speed of $660 .$ m/s over Earth's south magnetic pole, where the $8.00 \times 10^{-5}-\mathrm{T}$ magnetic field points straight down into the ground. What are the direction and the magnitude of the magnetic force on the plane? (b) Discuss whether the value obtained in part (a) implies this is a significant or negligible effect.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 22

(a) A cosmic ray proton moving toward Earth at $$5.00 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$$ experiences a magnetic force of $$1.70 \times 10^{-16} \mathrm{N}$$. What is the strength of the magnetic field if there is a $45^{\circ}$ angle between it and the proton's velocity? (b) Is the value obtained in part a. consistent with the known strength of Earth's magnetic field on its surface? Discuss.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

An electron moving at $4.00 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a $1.25-\mathrm{T}$ magnetic field experiences a magnetic force of $1.40 \times 10^{-16} \mathrm{N} .$ What angle does the velocity of the electron make with the magnetic field? There are two answers.

Averell Hause

Carnegie Mellon University

Problem 24

(a) A physicist performing a sensitive measurement wants to limit the magnetic force on a moving charge in her equipment to less than $1.00 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{N}$. What is the greatest the charge can be if it moves at a maximum speed of $30.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in Earth's field? (b) Discuss whether it would be difficult to limit the charge to less than the value found in
(a) by comparing it with typical static electricity and noting that static is often absent.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

A cosmic-ray electron moves at $7.5 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ perpendicular to Earth's magnetic field at an altitude where the field strength is $1.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$. What is the radius of the circular path the electron follows?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 26

(a) Viewers of Star Trek have heard of an antimatter drive on the Starship Enterprise. One possibility for such a futuristic energy source is to store antimatter charged particles in a vacuum chamber, circulating in a magnetic field, and then extract them as needed. Antimatter annihilates normal matter, producing pure energy. What strength magnetic field is needed to hold antiprotons, moving at $5.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a circular path $2.00 \mathrm{m}$ in radius? Antiprotons have the same mass as protons but the opposite (negative) charge. (b) Is this field strength obtainable with today's technology or is it a futuristic possibility?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 27

(a) An oxygen-16 ion with a mass of $$2.66 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{kg} \text { travels at } 5.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$$ perpendicular to a 1.20 -T magnetic field, which makes it move in a circular arc with a 0.231 -m radius. What positive charge is on the ion? (b) What is the ratio of this charge to the charge of an electron? (c) Discuss why the ratio found in (b) should be an integer.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 28

An electron in a TV CRT moves with a speed of $6.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}, \quad$ in a direction perpendicular to Earth's field, which has a strength of $5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$. (a) What strength electric field must be applied perpendicular to the Earth's field to make the electron moves in a straight line?
(b) If this is done between plates separated by $1.00 \mathrm{cm}$ what is the voltage applied? (Note that TVs are usually surrounded by a ferromagnetic material to shield against external magnetic fields and avoid the need for such a correction.)

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 29

(a) At what speed will a proton move in a circular path of the same radius as the electron in the previous exercise? (b) What would the radius of the path be if the proton had the same speed as the electron? (c) What would the radius be if the proton had the same kinetic energy as the electron?
(d) The same momentum?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 30

(a) What voltage will accelerate electrons to a speed of $6.00 \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} ?$ (b) Find the radius of curvature of the path of a proton accelerated through this potential in a $0.500-\mathrm{T}$ field and compare this with the radius of curvature of an electron accelerated through the same potential.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 31

$$\text { An alpha-particle } \quad\left(m=6.64 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg}\right.$$, $$\left.q=3.2 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)$$ travels in a circular path of radius 25 $\mathrm{cm}$ in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $1.5 \mathrm{T}$. (a) What is the speed of the particle? (b) What is the kinetic energy in electron-volts? (c) Through what potential difference must the particle be accelerated in order to give it this kinetic energy?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 32

A particle of charge $q$ and mass $m$ is accelerated from rest through a potential difference $V$, after which it encounters a uniform magnetic field $B$. If the particle moves in a plane perpendicular to $B$, what is the radius of its circular orbit?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 33

What is the direction of the magnetic force on the current in each of the six cases?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 34

What is the direction of a current that experiences the magnetic force shown in each of the three cases, assuming the current runs perpendicular to $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ ?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 35

What is the direction of the magnetic field that produces the magnetic force shown on the currents in each of the three cases, assuming $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ is perpendicular to $$I ?$$

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 36

(a) What is the force per meter on a lightning bolt at the equator that carries 20,000 A perpendicular to Earth's $3.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ field? (b) What is the direction of the force if the current is straight up and Earth's field direction is due north, parallel to the ground?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 37

(a) A dc power line for a light-rail system carries 1000 A at an angle of $30.0^{\circ}$ to Earth's $5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ field. What is the force on a $100-\mathrm{m}$ section of this line? (b) Discuss practical concerns this presents, if any.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 38

A wire carrying a 30.0 -A current passes between the poles of a strong magnet that is perpendicular to its field and experiences a $2.16-\mathrm{N}$ force on the $4.00 \mathrm{cm}$ of wire in the field. What is the average field strength?

Sandro Maludze

Numerade Educator

Problem 39

(a) By how many percent is the torque of a motor decreased if its permanent magnets lose $5.0 \%$ of their strength? (b) How many percent would the current need to be increased to return the torque to original values?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 40

(a) What is the maximum torque on a 150 -turn square loop of wire $18.0 \mathrm{cm}$ on a side that carries a 50.0 - $\mathrm{A}$ current in a 1.60 -T field? (b) What is the torque when $\theta$ is $10.9^{\circ} ?$

Averell Hause

Carnegie Mellon University

Problem 41

Find the current through a loop needed to create a maximum torque of $9.0 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$. The loop has 50 square turns that are $15.0 \mathrm{cm}$ on a side and is in a uniform $0.800-\mathrm{T}$ magnetic field.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 42

Calculate the magnetic field strength needed on a 200-turn square loop 20.0 cm on a side to create a maximum torque of $300 \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ if the loop is carrying 25.0 A.

Averell Hause

Carnegie Mellon University

Problem 43

Since the equation for torque on a current-carrying loop is $\tau=N I A B$ sin $\theta$, the units of $N \cdot m$ must equal units of $\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}$ T. Verify this.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 44

(a) At what angle $\theta$ is the torque on a current loop 90.0\% of maximum? (b) 50.0\% of maximum? (c) 10.0\% of maximum?

Averell Hause

Carnegie Mellon University

Problem 45

A proton has a magnetic field due to its spin. The field is similar to that created by a circular current loop $0.65 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{m}$ in radius with a current of $1.05 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{A}$.
Find the maximum torque on a proton in a 2.50 -T field. (This is a significant torque on a small particle.)

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 46

(a) A 200-turn circular loop of radius 50.0 cm is vertical, with its axis on an east-west line. A current of 100 A circulates clockwise in the loop when viewed from the east. Earth's field here is due north, parallel to the ground, with a strength of $3.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$. What are the direction and magnitude of the torque on the loop? (b) Does this device have any practical applications as a motor?

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 47

Repeat the previous problem, but with the loop lying flat on the ground with its current circulating counterclockwise (when viewed from above) in a location where Earth's field is north, but at an angle $45.0^{\circ}$ below the horizontal and with a strength of $6.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 48

A strip of copper is placed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 2.5 T. The Hall electric field is measured to be $1.5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{m} .$ (a) What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons? (b) Assuming that $\mathrm{n}=8.0 \times 10^{28}$ electrons per cubic meter and that the cross-sectional area of the strip is $5.0 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{m}^{2},$ calculate the current in the strip. (c) What is the Hall coefficient 1/nq?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 49

The cross-sectional dimensions of the copper strip shown are $2.0 \mathrm{cm}$ by $2.0 \mathrm{mm}$. The strip carries a current of $100 \mathrm{A},$ and it is placed in a magnetic field of magnitude $B=$ 1.5 T. What are the value and polarity of the Hall potential in the copper strip?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 50

The magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields in a velocity selector are $1.8 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{m}$ and $0.080 \mathrm{T}$ respectively. (a) What speed must a proton have to pass through the selector? (b) Also calculate the speeds required for an alpha-particle and a singly ionized $^{s} O^{16}$ atom to pass through the selector.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 51

A charged particle moves through a velocity selector at constant velocity. In the selector, $E=1.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{N} / \mathrm{C}$ and $B=0.250$ T. When the electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels in a circular path of radius 3.33 mm. Determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 52

A Hall probe gives a reading of $1.5 \mu \mathrm{V}$ for a current of 2 A when it is placed in a magnetic field of 1 T. What is the magnetic field in a region where the reading is $2 \mu \mathrm{V}$ for 1.7 A of current?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 53

A physicist is designing a cyclotron to accelerate protons to one-tenth the speed of light. The magnetic field will have a strength of 1.5 T. Determine (a) the rotational period of the circulating protons and (b) the maximum radius of the protons' orbit.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 54

The strengths of the fields in the velocity selector of a Bainbridge mass spectrometer are $B=0.500 \mathrm{T}$ and $E=$ $1.2 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{m}, \quad$ and the strength of the magnetic field that separates the ions is $B_{o}=0.750 \mathrm{T}$. A stream of singly charged Li ions is found to bend in a circular arc of radius 2.32 $\mathrm{cm} .$ What is the mass of the Li ions?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 55

The magnetic field in a cyclotron is $1.25 \mathrm{T}$, and the maximum orbital radius of the circulating protons is 0.40 m. (a) What is the kinetic energy of the protons when they are ejected from the cyclotron? (b) What is this energy in MeV? (c) Through what potential difference would a proton have to be accelerated to acquire this kinetic energy?
(d) What is the period of the voltage source used to accelerate the protons? (e) Repeat the calculations for alpha-particles.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 56

A mass spectrometer is being used to separate common oxygen-16 from the much rarer oxygen-18, taken from a sample of old glacial ice. (The relative abundance of these oxygen isotopes is related to climatic temperature at the time the ice was deposited.) The ratio of the masses of these two ions is 16 to $18,$ the mass of oxygen- 16 is $2.66 \times 10^{-26} \mathrm{kg}, \quad$ and they are singly charged and travel
at $5.00 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a 1.20 -T magnetic field. What is the separation between their paths when they hit a target after traversing a semicircle?

Averell Hause

Carnegie Mellon University

Problem 57

(a) Triply charged uranium-235 and uranium-238 ions are being separated in a mass spectrometer. (The much rarer uranium-235 is used as reactor fuel.) The masses of the ions are $3.90 \times 10^{-25} \mathrm{kg}$ and $3.95 \times 10^{-25} \mathrm{kg}$ respectively, and they travel at $3.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a $0.250-\mathrm{T}$ field. What is the separation between their paths when they hit a target after traversing a semicircle? (b) Discuss whether this distance between their paths seems to be big enough to be practical in the separation of uranium- 235 from uranium- 238.

Sandro Maludze

Numerade Educator

Problem 58

Calculate the magnetic force on a hypothetical particle of charge $1.0 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}$ moving with a velocity of $6.0 \times 10^{4} \hat{\mathbf{i}} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ in a magnetic field of $1.2 \hat{\mathbf{k}} \mathrm{T}$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 59

Repeat the previous problem with a new magnetic field of $$(0.4 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+1.2 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \mathrm{T}$$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

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Problem 60

An electron is projected into a uniform magnetic field $$(0.5 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+0.8 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \mathrm{T}$$ $\begin{array}{lll}\text { with } & \text { a } & \text { velocity }\end{array}$ of$$(3.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+4.0 \hat{\mathbf{j}}) \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$$. What is the magnetic force on the electron?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 61

The mass and charge of a water droplet are $1.0 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{g}$ and $2.0 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{C}, \quad$ respectively. If the droplet is given an initial horizontal velocity of $5.0 \times 10^{5} \hat{\mathbf{i}} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}, \quad$ what magnetic field will keep it moving in this direction? Why must gravity be considered here?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 62

Four different proton velocities are given. For each case, determine the magnetic force on the proton in terms of $\mathrm{e}, v_{0}, \quad$ and $\quad B_{0}$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 63

An electron of kinetic energy 2000 eV passes between parallel plates that are $1.0 \mathrm{cm}$ apart and kept at a potential difference of 300 V. What is the strength of the uniform magnetic field B that will allow the electron to travel undeflected through the plates? Assume $E$ and $B$ are perpendicular.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 64

An alpha-particle $\left(m=6.64 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg}\right.$ $\left.q=3.2 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)$ moving with a velocity $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}=(2.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-4.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ enters a region where $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{E}}=(5.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-2.0 \hat{\mathbf{j}}) \times 10^{4} \mathrm{V} / \mathrm{m}$ and $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=(1.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+4.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{T}$. What is the initial force on it?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 65

$\mathrm{An}$ electron moving with a velocity and the $$\overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}=(4.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+3.0 \hat{\mathbf{j}}+2.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$$ enters a region where there is a uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is given by $$\vec{B}=(1.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}-2.0 \hat{\mathbf{j}}+4.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{T}$$. If the electron travels through a region without being deflected, what is the electric field?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 66

At a particular instant, an electron is traveling west to east with a kinetic energy of $10 \mathrm{keV}$. Earth's magnetic field has a horizontal component of $1.8 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ north and a vertical component of $5.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ down. (a) What is the path of the electron? (b) What is the radius of curvature of the path?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 67

Repeat the calculations of the previous problem for a proton with the same kinetic energy.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 68

What magnetic field is required in order to confine a proton moving with a speed of $4.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ to a circular orbit of radius $10 \mathrm{cm} ?$

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 69

An electron and a proton move with the same speed in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. Compare the radii and periods of their orbits.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 70

A proton and an alpha-particle have the same kinetic energy and both move in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field. Compare the periods of their orbits.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 71

A singly charged ion takes $2.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{s}$ to complete eight revolutions in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $2.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{T} .$ What is the mass of the ion?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 72

A particle moving downward at a speed of $6.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ enters a uniform magnetic field that is horizontal and directed from east to west. (a) If the particle is deflected initially to the north in a circular arc, is its charge positive or negative? (b) If $B=0.25 \mathrm{T}$ and the charge-to-mass ratio $(q / m)$ of the particle is $4.0 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{kg}$, what is the radius of the path? (c) What is the speed of the particle after it has moved in the field for $1.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{s} ?$ for $2.0 \mathrm{s} ?$

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 73

A proton, deuteron, and an alpha-particle are all accelerated from rest through the same potential difference. They then enter the same magnetic field, moving perpendicular to it. Compute the ratios of the radii of their circular paths. Assume that $m_{d}=2 m_{p}$ and $m_{\alpha}=4 m_{p}$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 74

A singly charged ion is moving in a uniform magnetic field of $7.5 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{T}$ completes 10 revolutions in $3.47 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{s} .$ Identify the ion.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 75

Two particles have the same linear momentum, but particle A has four times the charge of particle B. If both particles move in a plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, what is the ratio $R_{A} / R_{B}$ of the radii of their circular orbits?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 76

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude $B$ is directed parallel to the z-axis. A proton enters the field with a velocity $\quad \overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}=(4 \hat{\mathbf{j}}+3 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} \quad$ and travels in a helical path with a radius of $5.0 \mathrm{cm}$. (a) What is the value of $B$ ? (b) What is the time required for one trip around the helix? (c) Where is the proton $5.0 \times 10^{-7}$ s after entering the field?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 77

An electron moving along the $+x \quad$ -axis at $5.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ enters a magnetic field that makes a $75^{\circ}$ angle with the $x$ -axis of magnitude 0.20 T. Calculate the (a) pitch and (b) radius of the trajectory.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 78

(a) A 0.750-m-long section of cable carrying current to a car starter motor makes an angle of $60^{\circ}$ with Earth's $5.5 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ field. What is the current when the wire
experiences a force of $7.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{N} ?$ (b) If you run the wire between the poles of a strong horseshoe magnet, subjecting $5.00 \mathrm{cm}$ of it to a $1.75-\mathrm{T}$ field, what force is exerted on this segment of wire?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 79

(a) What is the angle between a wire carrying an 8.00-A current and the 1.20-T field it is in if 50.0 cm of the wire experiences a magnetic force of $2.40 \mathrm{N}$ ? (b) What is the force on the wire if it is rotated to make an angle of $90^{\circ}$ with the field?

Sandro Maludze

Numerade Educator

Problem 80

A 1.0 -m-long segment of wire lies along the $x$ -axis and carries a current of $2.0 \mathrm{A}$ in the positive $x$ -direction. Around the wire is the magnetic field of $(3.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}} \times 4.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{T}$. Find the magnetic force on this segment.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 81

A 5.0-m section of a long, straight wire carries a current of 10 A while in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $8.0 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{T}$. Calculate the magnitude of the force on the section if the angle between the field and the direction of the current is (a) $45^{\circ} ;$ (b) $90^{\circ} ;$ (c) $0^{\circ} ;$ or $(\mathrm{d})$ $180^{\circ}$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 82

An electromagnet produces a magnetic field of magnitude 1.5 T throughout a cylindrical region of radius
6.0 cm. A straight wire carrying a current of 25 A passes through the field as shown in the accompanying figure. What is the magnetic force on the wire?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 83

The current loop shown in the accompanying figure lies in the plane of the page, as does the magnetic field. Determine the net force and the net torque on the loop if $I$ $=10 \mathrm{A}$ and $B=1.5 \mathrm{T}$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 84

A circular coil of radius 5.0 cm is wound with five turns and carries a current of 5.0 A. If the coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength $5.0 \mathrm{T}$, what is the maximum torque on it?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 85

A circular coil of wire of radius 5.0 cm has 20 turns and carries a current of $2.0 \mathrm{A}$. The coil lies in a magnetic field of magnitude $0.50 \mathrm{T}$ that is directed parallel to the plane of the coil. (a) What is the magnetic dipole moment of the coil? (b) What is the torque on the coil?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 86

A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a torque that is $75 \%$ of the maximum possible torque. What is the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the plane of the coil?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 87

A 4.0-cm by 6.0-cm rectangular current loop carries a current of $10 \mathrm{A} .$ What is the magnetic dipole moment of the loop?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 88

A circular coil with 200 turns has a radius of 2.0 cm. (a) What current through the coil results in a magnetic dipole moment of $3.0 \mathrm{Am}^{2}$ ? (b) What is the maximum torque that the coil will experience in a uniform field of strength $5.0 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{T} ?$ (c) If the angle between $\mu$ and $B$ is $45^{\circ},$ what is the magnitude of the torque on the coil?
(d) What is the magnetic potential energy of coil for this orientation?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 89

The current through a circular wire loop of radius 10 $\mathrm{cm}$ is 5.0 A. (a) Calculate the magnetic dipole moment of the loop. (b) What is the torque on the loop if it is in a uniform 0.20 -T magnetic field such that $\mu$ and $\mathrm{B}$ are directed at $30^{\circ}$ to each other? (c) For this position, what is the potential energy of the dipole?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 90

A wire of length 1.0 m is wound into a single-turn planar loop. The loop carries a current of $5.0 \mathrm{A},$ and it is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength 0.25 T. (a) What is the maximum torque that the loop will experience if it is square? (b) If it is circular? (c) At what angle relative to $B$ would the normal to the circular coil have to be oriented so that the torque on it would be the same as the maximum torque on the square coil?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 91

Consider an electron rotating in a circular orbit of radius $\mathrm{r} .$ Show that the magnitudes of the magnetic dipole moment $\mu$ and the angular momentum $L$ of the electron are related by: $\frac{\mu}{L}=\frac{e}{2 m}$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 92

The Hall effect is to be used to find the sign of charge carriers in a semiconductor sample. The probe is placed between the poles of a magnet so that magnetic field is pointed up. A current is passed through a rectangular sample placed horizontally. As current is passed through the sample in the east direction, the north side of the sample is found to be at a higher potential than the south side. Decide if the number density of charge carriers is positively or negatively charged.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 93

The density of charge carriers for copper is $8.47 \times 10^{28}$ electrons per cubic meter. What will be the Hall voltage reading from a probe made up of $3 \mathrm{cm} \times 2 \mathrm{cm} \times 1 \mathrm{cm}(\mathrm{L} \times \mathrm{W} \times \mathrm{T})$ copper plate when a
current of $1.5 \mathrm{A}$ is passed through it in a magnetic field of
$2.5 \mathrm{T}$ perpendicular to the $3 \mathrm{cm} \times 2 \mathrm{cm}$.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 94

The Hall effect is to be used to find the density of charge carriers in an unknown material. A Hall voltage 40 $\mu \mathrm{V}$ for 3 -A current is observed in a 3 -T magnetic field for
a rectangular sample with length $2 \mathrm{cm},$ width $1.5 \mathrm{cm},$ and height 0.4 $\mathrm{cm} .$ Determine the density of the charge carriers.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 95

Show that the Hall voltage across wires made of the same material, carrying identical currents, and subjected to the same magnetic field is inversely proportional to their diameters. (Hint: Consider how drift velocity depends on wire diameter.)

Sandro Maludze

Numerade Educator

Problem 96

A velocity selector in a mass spectrometer uses a 0.100-T magnetic field. (a) What electric field strength is needed to select a speed of $4.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ ? (b) What is the voltage between the plates if they are separated by 1.00 $\mathrm{cm} ?$

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 97

Find the radius of curvature of the path of a 25.0 -MeV proton moving perpendicularly to the 1.20 -T field of a cyclotron.

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 98

To construct a non-mechanical water meter, a 0.500-T magnetic field is placed across the supply water pipe to a home and the Hall voltage is recorded. (a) Find the flow rate through a 3.00 - cm-diameter pipe if the Hall voltage is $60.0 \mathrm{mV}$. (b) What would the Hall voltage be for the same flow rate through a $10.0-\mathrm{cm}-$ diameter pipe with the same field applied?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 99

A charged particle having mass $6.64 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg} \quad$ (that of a helium atom) moving at
$8.70 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ perpendicular to a 1.50 -T magnetic field travels in a circular path of radius $16.0 \mathrm{mm}$. (a) What is the charge of the particle? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are responsible?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 100

An inventor wants to generate 120-V power by moving a 1.00-m-long wire perpendicular to Earth's $5.00 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{T}$ field. (a) Find the speed with which the wire must move. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumption is responsible?

Joseph Petrullo

Joseph Petrullo

Numerade Educator

Problem 101

Frustrated by the small Hall voltage obtained in blood flow measurements, a medical physicist decides to increase the applied magnetic field strength to get a 0.500 -V output for blood moving at 30.0 $\mathrm{cm} / \mathrm{s}$ in a 1.50 -cm-diameter vessel. (a) What magnetic field strength is needed? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which premise is responsible?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 102

A particle of charge $+q$ and mass $m$ moves with velocity $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{v}}_{0}$ pointed in the $+y$ -direction as it crosses the $x$ -axis at $x=R$ at a particular time. There is a negative charge $-Q$ fixed at the origin, and there exists a uniform magnetic field $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ o pointed in the $+z$ -direction. It is found
that the particle describes a circle of radius $R$ about $-Q$. Find $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}_{0}$ in terms of the given quantities.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 103

A proton of speed $v=6 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ enters a region of uniform magnetic field of $B=0.5 \mathrm{T}$ at an angle of $q=30^{\circ}$ to the magnetic field. In the region of magnetic field proton describes a helical path with radius $R$ and pitch $p$ (distance between loops). Find $R$ and $p$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 104

A particle's path is bent when it passes through a region of non-zero magnetic field although its speed remains unchanged. This is very useful for "beam steering" in particle accelerators. Consider a proton of speed $4 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$ entering a region of uniform magnetic field
perpendicular to the velocity of the particle. By how much angle will the path of the proton be bent? (Hint: The particle comes out tangent to a circle.)

Vishal Gupta

Numerade Educator

Problem 105

In a region a non-uniform magnetic field exists such that $\quad B_{x}=0, B_{y}=0,$ and $B_{z}=a x, \quad$ where $\quad a \quad$ is $\quad a$
constant. At some time $t,$ a wire of length $L$ is carrying a current $I$ is located along the $x$ -axis from origin to $x=L$ Find the magnetic force on the wire at this instant in time.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 106

A copper rod of mass $m$ and length $L$ is hung from the ceiling using two springs of spring constant $k$. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude $B_{0}$ pointing perpendicular to the rod and spring (coming out of the page in the figure) exists in a region of space covering a length $w$ of the copper rod. The ends of the rod are then connected by flexible copper wire across the terminals of a battery of voltage $V$ Determine the change in the length of the springs when $a$ current I runs through the copper rod in the direction shown in figure. (Ignore any force by the flexible wire.)

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 107

The accompanied figure shows an arrangement for measuring mass of ions by an instrument called the mass spectrometer. An ion of mass $m$ and charge $+q$ is produced essentially at rest in source $S$, a chamber in which a gas discharge is taking place. The ion is accelerated by a potential difference $V_{\mathrm{acc}}$ and allowed to enter a region of constant magnetic field $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}$ o. In the uniform magnetic field region, the ion moves in a semicircular path striking a photographic plate at a distance $x$ from the entry point. Derive a formula for mass $\mathrm{m}$ in terms of $B_{0}, \quad q, V_{\mathrm{acc}}$ and $x$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 108

A wire is made into a circular shape of radius $R$ and pivoted along a central support. The two ends of the wire are touching a brush that is connected to a dc power source. The structure is between the poles of a magnet such that we can assume there is a uniform magnetic field on the wire. In terms of a coordinate system with origin at the center of the ring, magnetic field is $B_{x}=B_{0}, B_{y}=B_{z}=0,$ and
the ring rotates about the z-axis. Find the torque on the ring when it is not in the $x z$ -plane.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 109

A long-rigid wire lies along the $x$ -axis and carries a current of $2.5 \mathrm{A}$ in the positive $x$ -direction. Around the wire is the magnetic field $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=2.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+5.0 x^{2} \hat{\mathbf{j}}, \quad$ with $x$ in meters and $B$ in millitesla. Calculate the magnetic force on the segment of wire between $x=2.0 \mathrm{m}$ and $x=4.0 \mathrm{m}$.

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator

Problem 110

A circular loop of wire of area $10 \mathrm{cm}^{2}$ carries a current of 25 A. At a particular instant, the loop lies in the $x y$ -plane and is subjected to a magnetic field $$\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=(2.0 \hat{\mathbf{i}}+6.0 \hat{\mathbf{j}}+8.0 \hat{\mathbf{k}}) \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{T} . \quad \text { As } \quad \text { viewed }$$ from above the $x y$ -plane, the current is circulating clockwise. (a) What is the magnetic dipole moment of the current loop? (b) At this instant, what is the magnetic torque on the loop?

Mayukh Banik

Numerade Educator