On the following grid, the points $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right),\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right)$, and $\left(x_{1}, y_{2}\right)$ are plotted.
a) Explain why $\left(x_{1}, y_{2}\right)$ is placed where it is and not somewhere else on the graph.
b) Express the length of the orange dashed line in terms of $y_{2}$ and $y_{1}$. Explain how you determined your answer.
c) Express the length of the green dashed line in terms of $x_{2}$ and $x_{1}$.
d) Using the Pythagorean Theorem and the right triangle $A B C$, derive a formula for the distance, $d$, between points $\left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right)$ and $\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right) .^{*}$ Explain how you determined the formula.
e) Use the formula you determined in part d) to determine the distance of the line segment between the points $(1,4)$ and $(3,7)$.