Chapter 37, Soil and Plant Nutrition Video Solutions, Campbell Biology

00:57

Problem 1

The inorganic nutrient most often lacking in crops is
a. carbon.
b. nitrogen.
c. phosphorus.
d. potassium.

Rachel Peterson

Numerade Educator

00:54

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because
a. most of them are mobile in the plant.
b. most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes.
c. most are supplied in large enough quantities in seeds.
d. they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the

Leah Lampen

Numerade Educator

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Problem 3

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by
a. absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae.
b. providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts.
c. converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
d. enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants.

Kaela Piechowicz

Numerade Educator

01:43

Problem 4

Epiphytes are
a. fungi that attack plants.
b. fungi that form mutualistic associations with roots.
c. nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants.
d. plants that grow on other plants.

Anitha Mary

Numerade Educator

02:26

Problem 5

Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all of the following except
a. soil salinization.
b. overfertilization.
c. land subsidence.
d. aquifer depletion.

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

01:50

Problem 6

A mineral deficiency is likely to affect older leaves more than younger leaves if
a. the mineral is a micronutrient.
b. the mineral is very mobile within the plant.
c. the mineral is required for chlorophyll synthesis.
d. the mineral is a macronutrient.

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

01:14

Problem 7

The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment
a. where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant.
b. that has soil with poor drainage.
c. that has hot summers and cold winters.
d. in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients.

Dr. Seema Kelotra

Numerade Educator

03:32

Problem 8

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that
a. the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves
of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll.
b. the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots.
c. the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.
d. the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.

Bryan Lynn

Numerade Educator

02:02

Problem 9

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on
a. each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.
b. each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host.
c. each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume.
d. specific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species.

Alexander Cheng

Numerade Educator

04:28

Problem 10

Draw a simple sketch of cation exchange, showing a root hair, a soil particle with anions, and a hydrogen ion displacing a mineral cation.

Kristine Plasky

Numerade Educator

02:57

Problem 11

Imagine taking the plant out of the picture in Figure 37.10 . Write a paragraph explaining how soil bacteria could sustain the recycling of nitrogen before land plants evolved.

Leah Lampen

Numerade Educator

02:51

Problem 12

Acid precipitation has an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions $\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right) .$ One effect of acid precipitation is to deplete the soil of nutrients such as calcium $\left(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\right),$ potassium $\left(\mathrm{K}^{4}\right)$ and magnesium $\left(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\right) .$ Suggest a hypothesis to explain how acid precipitation washes these nutrients from the soil. How might you test your hypothesis?

Laura Burns

Numerade Educator

05:35

Problem 13

In many countries, irrigation is depleting aquifers to such an extent that land is subsiding, harvests are decreasing, and it is becoming necessary to drill wells deeper. In many cases, the withdrawal of groundwater has now greatly surpassed the aquifers' rates of natural recharge. Discuss the possible consequences of this trend. What can society and science do to help alleviate this growing problem?

Leah Lampen

Numerade Educator

11:38

Problem 14

The soil in which plants grow teems with organisms from every taxonomic kingdom. In a short essay (100-150 words), discuss examples of how the mutualistic interactions of plants with bacteria, fungi, and animals improve plant nutrition.

Leah Lampen

Numerade Educator

01:49

Problem 15

Making a footprint in the soil seems like an insignificant event. In a short essay $(100-150$ words), explain how a footprint would affect the properties of the soil and how these changes would affect soil organisms and the emergence of seedlings.

James Thierer

Numerade Educator

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